Menon, V.Kolathayar, S.2026-02-032025Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2025, , , pp. -9719555https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-025-01296-2https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/20689This study investigates the relationship between surface crack development and excess pore water pressure (EPWP) during rainfall-induced debris flow conditions. A custom-designed tilting flume integrated with a rainfall simulator was fabricated to replicate slope failure scenarios. Silty sand was tested under controlled conditions on 45° and 60° slopes with identical rainfall intensities. Surface cracks were quantified using an image processing algorithm to calculate crack percentages, and real-time EPWP measurements were recorded to assess their correlation. The results demonstrate that surface crack formation significantly influences EPWP, suggesting a potential interdependence between these parameters. Furthermore, the study evaluates whether EPWP can serve as an effective threshold parameter for landslide early warning systems (LEWS). These findings contribute to a better understanding of landslide mechanics and provide critical insights for enhancing LEWS design and implementation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Geotechnical Society 2025.CracksPore pressureSurface defectsWaterEarly Warning SystemExcess pore water pressureImages processingLandslide early warning systemPressure surfaceRainfall-inducedSlope instabilitySurface cracksTilting flumeImage processingLandslidesRain