Rajeshshyam, R.Venkatraman, R.Raghuraman, S.Bhaumik, S.2026-02-042023Tribology - Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces, 2023, 17, 3, pp. 260-27017515831https://doi.org/10.1080/17515831.2023.2229643https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/22128This research investigates the tribological characteristics and sustainability of WS<inf>2</inf> deposited Al 6061-T6 surface under dry sliding conditions and optimizes the wear parameters to enhance the tribological behaviour and discuss its sustainability. The experiment used the Box–Behnken design, which examines the effective interaction between dry sliding parameters and specific wear rate (SWR) and friction coefficient (COF). By varying the load (L), sliding velocity (V) and distance (D), the wear behaviour of WS<inf>2</inf> deposition against EN 31 steel was examined through the pin-on-disc experiment. Grooving, debris formation, polishing, tribolayer, ploughing, transfer material, smearing, delamination and pitting are observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. For optimum conditions, SEM with energy dispersive spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the worn surface, and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the phases of W, WO<inf>3</inf>, WS<inf>2</inf>, Al, AlO, Al<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf> and Al<inf>4</inf>C<inf>3</inf>. © 2023 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.AluminumAluminum alloysAluminum coatingsAluminum compoundsEnergy dispersive spectroscopyFrictionMorphologyScanning electron microscopySolid lubricantsSurface morphologySustainable developmentTribologyTungsten compoundsWear of materialsAl 6061-T6Aluminium 6061Aluminum 6061-t6CoefficientDry slidingDry sliding wearSpecific wear ratesWear characteristicsWorn surface morphologyWS2 depositionDeposition