Chandrashekar, J.Gumtapure, V.2026-02-042022Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 2022, 144, 12, pp. -1950738https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054586https://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/22257The present work emphasizes the effects of injection timing on the characteristics of a 5.2-kW powered four-stroke diesel engine using biogas and its heat loss analysis. The biogas is obtained from food waste consisting of methane (CH<inf>4</inf>)-88.1% and carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>)-11.8% as the composition. The biogas (BG) is selected by mass basis ranging from 20% to 60% with 10% increments and is used to operate the engine by dual-fuel mode. The effect of three injection timings such as 25.5 deg (retarded), 27.5 deg (actual), and 29.5 deg (advanced) before top-dead center (bTDC) under dual-mode operation to enhance the properties of the engine is studied, and the results are compared with diesel mode at actual injection timing. Maximum brake thermal efficiency of 30.1% was observed for BG20 operated at 29.5-deg bTDC injection timing (IT). The dual mode operated at the injection timing of 29.5-deg bTDC showed an increase in cylinder pressure compared to diesel by 11.9% at full load conditions, whereas carbon monoxide emission was lower by 5.2% at 29.5-deg bTDC IT than diesel, and nitrogen oxide emission was lower at 25.5 deg bTDC IT than diesel mode by 45%. Besides, at 75% engine load, the least amount of heat losses was observed for BG50 exhibiting effective conversion of fuel energy into equivalent work higher than that of diesel by 2.2%, respectively. © © 2022 by ASME.Carbon dioxideCarbon monoxideDiesel enginesDual fuel enginesFossil fuelsGlobal warmingHeat lossesNitrogen oxidesThermal efficiencyTiming circuitsWaste incinerationAir emission from fossil fuel combustionAir emissionsAlternative energy sourceDual modesEmissionEnergyEnergy conversion systemsEnergy extractionEnergy extraction of energy from its natural resourceEnergy from biomassFood wasteFossil fuel combustionFuel combustionInjection timingRenewable energiesBiogas