IoT Systems and Battery-Based Energy Sources

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly expanded over the past few years and has begun taking over many aspects of our lives, including hospitals, houses, roadways, and much more. Due to its expansion, IoT may become the future technology in the following years. IoT is a collection of real-world items equipped with electronics, software, networks, and sensors to collect and exchange data. To power IoT devices, there must be a proper understanding of the energy consumption of thesensors and the kind of energy sources to be used. This paper provides state-of-the-art battery-powered IoT systems. First, the study discusses IoT's architecture and various applications. The study then extends IoT energy resources. Next, the study examines the use of batteries in IoT systems, their advantages and disadvantages, followed by unravelling the ambient energy harvesting mechanism. Finally, we present related works on battery-based IoT systems. © 2023 IEEE.