Trilateration Based Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks

Abstract

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is one of the emerging areas in the field of communication. UWSNs are used in many applications. At the same time, it faces several challenges such as energy constraint, node mobility, routing, and localization. The sensed data is meaningful only when it is referred to with location. In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), determining the sensor’s location where the event is taking place is essential. Estimating the location of each node in a sensor network is known as localization. As global positioning system (GPS) signals are not propagated underwater, localization becomes a challenging issue. While various localization algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks, they may not directly map them to underwater due to the variation and three-dimension nature of underwater. This paper presents a new localization technique for underwater sensor networks based on trilateration. In this technique, whenever a new node is introduced in an UWSNs, it will derive its coordinates by examining the coordinates of three of its nearest neighbors and the distance between them. Distance between them is determined by using round-trip time. The mathematical model, along with simulation, is presented in the paper. Further, a thorough analysis of results for static and mobile nodes is discussed in this paper. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.