Human-in-the-Loop Control and Security for Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and IoT

Abstract

In this era of connectivity and digitization, our appliances and equipment are becoming more intelligent and interlinked, creating an Internet of Things (IoT) that can be used to support new kinds of intelligent cyber-physical systems (CPSs). With the massive growth of CPSs, humans have become more involved within this structure. These types of CPSs/IoT systems containing humans are called human-in-the-loop cyber-physical systems (HiTLCPSs)/human-in-the-loop Internet of Things (HiTLIoT). The involvement of humans results in an external and unpredictable element that increases security concerns. This chapter proposes a unique “human-centric†framework to mitigate these issues, enabling humans as crucial components to make the CPS/IoT systems more robust and secure. Through this, the chapter tries to focus on “humans are a solution†rather than “humans are a problem.†Furthermore, the chapter looks into various components that make up the framework, how they are interlinked and how security can be bolstered with a human in the loop combined with this framework. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.