Source apportionment studies on particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in ambient air of urban Mangalore, India

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dc.contributor.authorKalaiarasan, G.
dc.contributor.authorMohan Balakrishnan, R.M.
dc.contributor.authorSethunath, N.A.
dc.contributor.authorManoharan, S.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-05T09:31:16Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractParticulate matter (PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf>) samples were collected from six sites in urban Mangalore and the mass concentrations for PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> were measured using gravimetric technique. The measurements were found to exceed the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) limits, with the highest concentration of 231.5 ?g/m3 for PM<inf>10</inf> particles at Town hall and 120.3 ?g/m3 for PM<inf>2.5</inf> particles at KMC Attavar. The elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICPOES) revealed twelve different elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr and Zn) for PM<inf>10</inf> particles and nine different elements (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn) for PM<inf>2.5</inf> particles. Similarly, ionic composition of these samples measured by ion chromatography (IC) divulged nine different ions (F?, Cl?, NO<inf>3</inf> ?, PO<inf>4</inf> 3?, SO<inf>4</inf> 2?, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) for PM<inf>10</inf> particles and ten different ions (F?, Cl?, NO<inf>3</inf> ?, PO<inf>4</inf> 3?, SO<inf>4</inf> 2?, Na+, NH<inf>4</inf> +, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) for PM<inf>2.5</inf> particles. The source apportionment study of PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> for urban Mangalore in accordance with these six sample sites using chemical mass balance model (CMBv8.2) revealed nine and twelve predominant contributors for both PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf>, respectively. The highest contributor of PM<inf>10</inf> was found to be paved road dust followed by diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions. Correspondingly, PM<inf>2.5</inf> was found to be contributed mainly from two-wheeler vehicle emissions followed by four-wheeler and heavy vehicle emissions (diesel vehicles). The current study depicts that the PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> in ambient air of Mangalore region has 70% of its contribution from vehicular emissions (both exhaust and non-exhaust). © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Environmental Management, 2018, 217, , pp. 815-824
dc.identifier.issn3014797
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.040
dc.identifier.urihttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/25098
dc.publisherAcademic Press
dc.subjectAir quality
dc.subjectDiesel engines
dc.subjectInductively coupled plasma
dc.subjectIon chromatography
dc.subjectParticles (particulate matter)
dc.subjectUrban growth
dc.subjectVehicles
dc.subjectAmbient air
dc.subjectCa 2+
dc.subjectChemical mass balance
dc.subjectMangalore
dc.subjectParticulate Matter
dc.subjectPM 10
dc.subjectPM 2.5
dc.subjectSource apportionment
dc.subjectVehicle emission
dc.subjectVehicular emission
dc.subjectIons
dc.subjectbarium ion
dc.subjectcadmium
dc.subjectcalcium
dc.subjectchromium
dc.subjectcupric ion
dc.subjectferric ion
dc.subjectgasoline
dc.subjectmagnesium
dc.subjectmagnesium ion
dc.subjectmanganese
dc.subjectnickel
dc.subjectpotassium ion
dc.subjectsodium ion
dc.subjectstrontium
dc.subjectzinc
dc.subjectambient air
dc.subjectatmospheric pollution
dc.subjectchemical mass balance
dc.subjectparticulate matter
dc.subjectsource apportionment
dc.subjecttraffic emission
dc.subjecturban pollution
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectchemical analysis
dc.subjectchemical composition
dc.subjectconcentration process
dc.subjectelemental analysis
dc.subjectexhaust gas
dc.subjectIndia
dc.subjection chromatography
dc.subjectoptics
dc.subjectparticle size
dc.subjectspectrophotometry
dc.subjectair pollutant
dc.subjectenvironmental monitoring
dc.subjectKarnataka
dc.subjectAir Pollutants
dc.subjectEnvironmental Monitoring
dc.subjectParticle Size
dc.subjectVehicle Emissions
dc.titleSource apportionment studies on particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in ambient air of urban Mangalore, India

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