Riesz Bases in Krein Spaces

Abstract

We start by introducing and studying the definition of a Riesz basis in a Krein space (K,[.,.]), along with a condition under which a Riesz basis becomes a Bessel sequence. The concept of biorthogonal sequence in Krein spaces is also introduced, providing an equivalent characterization of a Riesz basis. Additionally, we explore the concept of the Gram matrix, defined as the sum of a positive and a negative Gram matrices, and specify conditions under which the Gram matrix becomes bounded in Krein spaces. Further, we characterize the conditions under which the Gram matrices {[fn,fj]n,j?I+} and {[fn,fj]n,j?I-} become bounded invertible operators. Finally, we provide an equivalent characterization of a Riesz basis in terms of Gram matrices. © The Indian National Science Academy 2025.