Impact of Diverse Land Use and Population Densities on Access and Egress Mode Choice of Bus Transit System

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of diverse land use patterns and population densities on commuters’ mode choices for accessing and egressing public bus transit systems. The primary objectives of the study are to examine the influence of diverse land use patterns and population densities on mode choice, analyse the role of population density, explore user perceptions towards access and egress mode choices, and provide recommendations to improve service quality and transit ridership. The methodology involves spatial analysis, statistical modelling, and a detailed questionnaire survey to capture and analyse data. Mode choice behaviours are assessed through multinomial logistic regression models. User perceptions are gathered via surveys conducted across different urban areas with varying densities and land use patterns. Key findings indicate that areas with mixed-use developments and higher commercial density are associated with increased public transit usage, highlighting the importance of integrated urban planning in promoting sustainable transportation. The study also finds that higher population densities correlate positively with public transit use, demonstrating that densely populated areas benefit more from accessible and frequent bus services. Survey results reveal that convenience, travel time, and cost are primary factors influencing mode choice, with environmental concerns and safety also playing significant roles. These findings suggest that improving these aspects could enhance the attractiveness of public transit. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.