Physicochemical characterization of microcrystalline cellulose extracted by sequential dual acid hydrolysis

Abstract

Properties and applications of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) differ based on its source and method of extraction. In this article, MCC was extracted from Saccharum spontaneum using single acid hydrolysis (MCC1) and sequential dual acid hydrolysis (MCC2). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited that the dimension of MCC2 is much smaller compared to MCC1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that sequential dual acid hydrolysis results in decrease the crystallinity index (CI%) in case of MCC2 (34.45%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicates the presence of characteristic bonds such as O–H stretching, C–H stretching, OH bending, and C–O–C stretching in both MCC1 and MCC2. Based on thermal analysis conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was confirmed that MCC2 (275.0°C) melts at much lower temperature compared to MCC1 (342.04°C). MCC2 is also less thermally stable compared to MCC1 in terms of mass loss (%). In all, both MCC1 and MCC2 have different physicochemical properties based on the process of extraction and may have different applications. Based on their physicochemical characteristics, smaller MCC particles are known to be favored for wide variety of applications such as pharmaceutical excipients and impact factors such as tablet hardness, friability, and disintegration. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.