Studies on Toxicity of Fluoride and Impact of Endemic Fluorosis from Groundwater Resources of Bagalkot District, Karnataka – Geospatial Information System Approach

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dc.contributor.authorGaonkar, S.M.
dc.contributor.authorKarabasannavar, S.S.
dc.contributor.authorPatil, V.B.B.
dc.contributor.authorKalashetty, M.B.
dc.contributor.authorKalshetty, B.M.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-05T09:30:41Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractFluorine is most electronegative element, never occurs in free state due to its high reactivity. In most of the places of the world drinking water from underground sources is invariably contaminated with fluoride. The concentration of fluoride according to the WHO standard allowed upper limit is 1.5 ppm whereas as per Indian standard, the allowed upper limit is 1.0 mg/litre. Fluoride ion gets contaminated in drinking water due to weathering of the soil and rocks and the groundwater sources of granite belt of Bagalkot district, contain much higher concentration of fluoride (up to 6 or 7 ppm). In this survey it is found that the concentration of fluoride even at 1.34 ppm has caused tooth decay with the permanent brown scales on the teeth. © 2019, Geological Society of India.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of the Geological Society of India, 2019, 93, 1, pp. 109-112
dc.identifier.issn167622
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1129-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/24849
dc.publisherGeological Society of India
dc.subjectconcentration (composition)
dc.subjectdental health
dc.subjectdrinking water
dc.subjectendemic species
dc.subjectfluoride
dc.subjectGIS
dc.subjectgroundwater resource
dc.subjecthealth impact
dc.subjecttoxicity
dc.subjectweathering
dc.subjectBagalkot
dc.subjectIndia
dc.subjectKarnataka
dc.titleStudies on Toxicity of Fluoride and Impact of Endemic Fluorosis from Groundwater Resources of Bagalkot District, Karnataka – Geospatial Information System Approach

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