Enhanced degradation of azo dye using mixed cultures of white-rot fungi in a modified rotating packed disc bioreactor and reuse of treated water

Abstract

Reactive azo dyes are toxic and carcinogenic. In this study, mixed cultures of white-rot fungi (WRF) are used to treat synthetic reactive black 5 (RB-5) wastewater in a modified rotating packed disc bioreactor (RPDB). The continuous degradation studies were carried out for 25 days under the influence of the recycle stream in which 3665 L of synthetic effluent was treated. The dye wastewater was completely decolorized with more than 93 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction using the mixed fungal culture. During the continuous operation, the COD of influent reduced more than 85 % for successive 25 days of continuous operation at hydraulic retention time of 10.8 h. The dry biomass loading was about 0.14 g/g GAC at the end of the continuous process. The rate of COD removal followed first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.026 per hour. The treated water was reused to produce melanin from microbial culture. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd