Biomass-Derived Reaction Media Towards the Iodination of Anilines Under the Catalytic Influence of Magnetically Separable Pd@rGO-CuFe2O4

Abstract

Investigation of a biomass-derived solvent, such as ?-valerolactone (GVL), for the iodination of anilines was devised. The process is accomplished under the catalytic influence of a magnetically separable Pd@rGO-CuFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>catalyst (with 0.00047 mol% Pd loading) at 25°C. The catalyst is recovered from the reaction medium using an external magnet and recycled for five consecutive reaction cycles with very minor catalyst leaching. The developed strategy has been thoroughly studied over a series of starting materials to obtain the iodoaniline derivatives, and the desired products were obtained effectively in yields up to 91% with high regioselectivity. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed based on previous findings. This method has been extended to gram-scale synthesis with a 76% yield of the desired product. © 2025 Bentham Science Publishers