Correlating mineralogical composition, resistivity, and mechanical properties of limestone using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used in this study to predict the interaction of mechanical characteristics, electrical resistivity, and mineralogical composition in limestone. For this purpose, laboratory experiments combined with petrographic, SEM, and resistivity measurements were carried out, and the results were statistically modeled using RSM. Microcrystalline calcite with trace impurities including SiO? and Fe<inf>2</inf>O?, which affect mechanical behavior and resistivity, was found to be the predominant mineral in petrographic and SEM investigations. Higher porosity (> 4.9%) or extreme resistivity values reduce the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), while moderate resistivity (37.5–42.5 ?m) and low porosity (< 4.7%) maximize ITS, according to a quadratic RSM model. Particularly when paired with increased porosity, abrasion resistance shown a less significant but still noticeable effect. According to the findings, porosity is the main factor causing strength loss, and brittleness is further modulated by mineralogy (such as the amount of quartz). The study provides a framework linking resistivity, porosity, and mineralogy with mechanical performance, which can guide limestone selection and processing in geotechnical and construction applications. © Indian National Science Academy 2025.