Influence of planetary ball milling parameters on the mechano-chemical activation of fly ash
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Date
2015
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Elsevier
Abstract
This study illustrates the design of statistical analysis by Taguchi methodology to obtain nanostructured fly ash by planetary ball milling. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance were employed to analyze the effect of milling parameters. A class-F fly ash was subjected to planetary ball milling induced mechano-chemical activation aided by a surfactant. Ball milling parameters, such as ball-to-powder weight ratio, type and quantity of surfactant and type of medium were varied as guided by the Taguchi design. The nanostructured fly ash was characterized by dynamic light scattering, BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ball-to-powder weight ratio and the surfactant type are the major influencing factors on lower crystallite size and average particle size and higher specific surface area. The surface modification of fly ash was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The nano fly ash produced by this method has a wide application potential in polymer industries as reinforcement in composites. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
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Keywords
Chemical activation, Chemical analysis, Crystallite size, Electron emission, Electron microscopy, Field emission microscopes, Fluorine, Fly ash, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Light scattering, Milling (machining), Particle size, Scanning electron microscopy, Surface active agents, Transmission electron microscopy, X ray diffraction, Average particle size, Ball milling parameters, Ball-to-powder weight ratio, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Mechano-chemical activation, Nanomaterial, Planetary ball milling, Taguchi methodology, Ball milling, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, cetrimide, dodecyl sulfate sodium, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, metal oxide, potassium oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, surfactant, titanium dioxide, triton x 100, unclassified drug, analytic method, Article, ball to powder weight ratio, BET surface area analysis, chemical composition, chemical phenomena, chemical structure, controlled study, crystallite size, field emission scanning electron microscopy, fly ash, Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy, light scattering, mechanochemical activation, nanoanalysis, particle size, physical parameters, planetary ball milling, process technology, scanning electron microscopy, statistical analysis, surface area, Taguchi method, transmission electron microscopy
Citation
Powder Technology, 2015, 281, , pp. 151-158