Performance analysis of hybrid perovskite solar cells based on different halide ions

Abstract

Here, we have investigated the importance of incorporating different halide ions into perovskite material of the hybrid perovskites-based solar cells (PSCs) and optimized the performance of the PSCs. The n-i-p device structure as FTO/ZnOS/Absorber Material/CuO/Au, is used, where ZnOS and CuO are as electron and hole transport layers, respectively. The CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>PbI<inf>3</inf>, CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>PbBr<inf>3</inf> and CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>PbI<inf>3?x</inf>Cl<inf>x</inf> are exploited as an active absorber layer, with FTO and Au serving as front and back electrodes, respectively. Their performance is studied in terms of various performance parameters viz. Open-circuit voltage (V<inf>oc</inf>), short circuit current density (J<inf>sc</inf>), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Moreover, a systematic optimization and comparison is conducted to examine the influence of perovskite layer thickness, defect density, and operating temperature on the performance of the three modelled PSCs. The results show that CH<inf>3</inf>NH<inf>3</inf>PbI<inf>3</inf> based hybrid PSC exhibits the highest PCE of 25.34 % at 300 K, at a defect density of 1015cm?3 and absorber layer thickness of 600 nm. The other key parameters include V<inf>OC</inf> of 1.15 V, J<inf>SC</inf> of 25.21 mA/cm2 and FF of 86.4 %. The analysis highlights the importance of numerical simulations in predicting the influence of structural variations in perovskite materials on performance of the hybrid perovskite solar cells. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd