A Phase Transformation Enthalpy Parameter for Modeling Quench Hardening of Steels

Abstract

The effect of phase transformations on the steel/quenchant interfacial heat flux during quench hardening heat treatment is investigated in the present work. Experimental and modeling approaches comprising the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) were employed to analyze the thermal behavior of different steel grades with varying section thicknesses. The results revealed that phase transformation led to a distinctive pattern of the interfacial heat flux, characterized by a dip and subsequent rise. We observed that increasing the section thickness increases the surface heat flux for stainless steel probes without phase transformation. In contrast, the surface heat flux decreased with thicker sections in phase transformation. The increased heat evolved due to the latent heat liberation during phase transformation, and a reduction in thermal diffusivity due to increased specific heat caused a fall in the heat flow rates. Furthermore, the study proposed a phase transformation enthalpy parameter (ΔQ) to access the enthalpy change during quenching. ΔQ was consistent for a specific steel grade and independent of section thickness but varied with the cooling rate or quench media. The incorporation of phase transformation in the quenching heat transfer model is complex due to the required material data, including TTT/CCT diagrams and thermophysical properties that vary with steel grade. The study suggests directly incorporating the ΔQ values into the heat conduction equation or the IHCP model with phase transformation, simplifying the simulation process and minimizing data inputs. A database on ΔQ as a function of temperature and cooling rate would facilitate heat transfer modeling during quench hardening. © 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.