FT-MSIS: A Fault-Tolerant (n, n) Multi-Secret Image Sharing Scheme Without All-or-Nothing Recovery

Abstract

A fault-tolerant multi-secret image sharing scheme is proposed under an (n, n) threshold framework to enhance secure visual data distribution. Unlike traditional approaches, the interleaving strategy embeds fragments of each secret image across all shares, enabling partial reconstruction with gracefully degrading quality when fewer than n shares are available. To strengthen security, a pre-shared key is incorporated using XOR encryption with minimal computational overhead. The scheme supports efficient share generation and recovery, making it well-suited for resource-constrained environments. Experimental evaluations using Structural Similarity Index, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Mean Square Error demonstrate the scheme’s effectiveness in balancing security and reconstruction quality. The method is fault-tolerant, resilient to share loss, and ensures flexible multi-secret image sharing. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2025.