Investigation into facial expression recognition methods: a review

Abstract

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a rapidly emerging topic in computer vision that has gotten a lot of interest because of its numerous applications in fields including psychology, sociology, human-computer interaction (HCI), and security. FER seeks to recognise and analyse human facial expressions in order to determine emotions and other mental states. Several strategies, including feature-based, kernel-based, and deep learning-based methods, have been developed and implemented in FER in recent years. FER's major goal is to extract and identify the most discriminating elements that accurately represent the emotions expressed by facial expressions. The literature reviewed in this field shows that deep learning-based methods have outperformed traditional feature-based and kernel-based methods in terms of accuracy and robustness in recognizing facial expressions. However, these deep learning-based methods also pose several challenges, such as the need for large labeled-data-sets, robustness to different facial poses and illumination conditions, and generalization to unseen data. Despite these challenges, the field of FER is expected to continue growing, and future research will likely focus on addressing these challenges and improving the accuracy and robustness of FER systems. © 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.