Dynamic Analysis on the Seismic Resilience of Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Abstract

In the aftermath of past earthquakes causing damage to rubble mound (RM) and exposing coastal infrastructure to potential tsunami waves, this paper presents an in-depth investigation into the seismic performance of these critical coastal defenses. Employing advanced finite element analysis software, the study utilizes sinusoidal input ground motions with varying accelerations to simulate the seismic response of RM breakwaters. The research methodology entails meticulous finite element modeling of conventional breakwaters and the strategic integration of reinforcements, such as sheet piles and geogrids. A detailed analysis of displacement profiles and changes in pore pressures within the seabed soil beneath the RM breakwater is conducted, offering crucial insights into its seismic behavior. The investigation explores diverse combinations of reinforcements to assess their efficacy in fortifying the breakwater against seismic loading. Seismic response is simulated by imposing sinusoidal input waves as displacements at the bottom boundary of the soil layer, with free-field boundaries at either end to eliminate reflective effects. This research significantly contributes to the optimization of RM breakwater designs, providing practical strategies for enhancing their seismic performance in coastal engineering applications. The use of finite element analysis facilitates a nuanced understanding of dynamic interactions, allowing for the development of robust and resilient coastal structures to withstand seismic challenges and mitigate potential damages to coastal infrastructure and life. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.