Structure-Property Evaluation of Knoevenagel-Derived π-Conjugated Organic Systems

Abstract

π-Conjugated organic compounds display unique optical and electrical properties, rendering them appropriate for semiconducting applications. Knoevenagel condensation is one of the important reactions that facilitate the formation of olefin linkages (−C=C−) and thus has been widely employed to synthesize new π-conjugated molecules. This review summarizes the synthesis of π-conjugated compounds constructed using four novel π-conjugated moieties: diketonate/azopyrrole-BF<inf>2</inf> complexes (BF), p-azaquinodimethane (AQM), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), and barbituric acid (BA), alongside their optoelectronic features and applications in sensing, bioimaging, and photovoltaic technologies. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.