Optimization of two step karanja biodiesel synthesis under microwave irradiation

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dc.contributor.authorVenkatesh Kamath, H.
dc.contributor.authorIyyaswami, I.
dc.contributor.authorSaidutta, M.B.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-05T09:36:05Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.description.abstractThe free fatty acid of crude karanja oil (Pongamia pinnata) was reduced and biodiesel was synthesized from pretreated oil under microwave irradiation. The process variables such as irradiation time, methanol-oil ratio and sulfuric acid concentration for pretreatment step; irradiation time, methanol-oil ratio and KOH concentration were optimized through the Box-Behnken experimental design. The free fatty acid of crude karanja oil was reduced to 1.11 ± 0.07% with an optimal combination of 190 s irradiation time (180 W), 33.83 (w/w)% methanol-oil ratio and 3.73 (w/w)% sulfuric acid concentration. An optimal combination of 150 s irradiation time, 33.4 (w/w)% methanol-oil ratio and 1.33 (w/w)% KOH concentration yielded 89.9 ± 0.3% biodiesel. The model was validated by conducting experiments at optimal design conditions. The present work confirmed that the microwave energy has a significant effect on esterification and transesterification reaction. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.citationFuel Processing Technology, 2011, 92, 1, pp. 100-105
dc.identifier.issn3783820
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.003
dc.identifier.urihttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/27363
dc.subjectAcid concentrations
dc.subjectBiodiesel synthesis
dc.subjectBox-Behnken experimental design
dc.subjectFree fatty acid
dc.subjectIrradiation time
dc.subjectKaranja
dc.subjectKaranja oil
dc.subjectKOH concentration
dc.subjectMicrowave energies
dc.subjectOil ratio
dc.subjectOptimal combination
dc.subjectOptimal design
dc.subjectPongamia pinnata
dc.subjectPre-Treatment
dc.subjectProcess Variables
dc.subjectTransesterification reaction
dc.subjectBiodiesel
dc.subjectConcentration (process)
dc.subjectDesign of experiments
dc.subjectEsters
dc.subjectFatty acids
dc.subjectIrradiation
dc.subjectMethanol
dc.subjectOptimization
dc.subjectPotassium hydroxide
dc.subjectRadiation
dc.subjectSulfur determination
dc.subjectSulfuric acid
dc.subjectSynthesis (chemical)
dc.subjectSynthetic fuels
dc.subjectTransesterification
dc.subjectMicrowave irradiation
dc.titleOptimization of two step karanja biodiesel synthesis under microwave irradiation

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