Faculty Publications

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Subject: search.filters.subject.solid waste

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Removal of remazol brilliant blue dye from dye-contaminated water by adsorption using red mud: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
    (2012) Ratnamala, G.M.; Shetty K, K.V.; Srinikethan, G.
    Utilization of industrial solid wastes for the treatment of wastewater from another industry could help environmental pollution abatement, in solving both solid waste disposal as well as liquid waste problems. Red mud (RM) is a waste product in the production of alumina and it poses serious pollution hazard. The present paper focuses on the possibility of utilization of RM as an adsorbent for removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue dye (RBB), a reactive dye from dye-contaminated water. Adsorption of RBB, from dye-contaminated water was studied by adsorption on powdered sulfuric acid-treated RM. The effect of initial dye concentration, contact time, initial pH, and adsorbent dosage were studied. Langmuir isotherm model has been found to represent the equilibrium data for RBB-RM adsorption system better than Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity of RM was found to be 27.8 mg dye/g of adsorbent at 40 °C. Thermodynamic analysis showed that adsorption of RBB on acid-treated RM is an endothermic reaction with ?H0 of 28.38 kJ/mol. The adsorption kinetics is represented by second-order kinetic model and the kinetic constant was estimated to be 0.0105 ± 0.005 g/mgmin. Validity of intra-particle diffusion kinetic model suggested that among the mass transfer processes during the dye adsorption process, pore diffusion is the controlling step and not the film diffusion. The process can serve dual purposes of utilization of an industrial solid waste and the treatment of liquid waste. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012.
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    Conversion of waste polypropylene to liquid fuel using acid-activated kaolin
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2014) Panda, A.K.; Singh, R.K.
    Waste polypropylene was subjected to thermal degradation in the presence of kaolin and acid-treated kaolin, with different catalyst-to-plastics ratios, in a semi-batch reactor at a temperature range of 400-550°C to obtain optimized process conditions for the production of liquid fuels. The effects of process temperature, catalyst and feed composition on yield and quality of the oil were determined. For a thermal decomposition reaction at up to 450°C, the major product is volatile oil; and the major products at a higher temperature (475-550°C) are either viscous liquid or wax. The highest yield of condensed fraction in the thermal reaction is 82.85% by weight at 500°C. Use of kaolin and acid-treated kaolin as a catalyst decreased the reaction time and increased the yield of liquid fraction. The major product of catalysed degradation at all temperatures is highly volatile liquid oil. The maximum oil yield using kaolin and acidtreated kaolin is 87.5% and 92%, respectively, at 500°C. The oil obtained was characterized using GC-MS for its composition and different fuel properties by IS methods. © The Author(s) 2014.
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    Artificial neural network based modeling to evaluate methane yield from biogas in a laboratory-scale anaerobic bioreactor
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Nair, V.V.; Dhar, H.; Kumar, S.; Thalla, A.K.; Mukherjee, S.; Wong, J.W.C.
    The performance of a laboratory-scale anaerobic bioreactor was investigated in the present study to determine methane (CH4) content in biogas yield from digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). OFMSW consists of food waste, vegetable waste and yard trimming. An organic loading between 40 and 120 kg VS/m3 was applied in different runs of the bioreactor. The study was aimed to focus on the effects of various factors, such as pH, moisture content (MC), total volatile solids (TVS), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and CH4 fraction on biogas production. OFMSW witnessed high CH4 yield as 346.65 L CH4/kg VS added. A target of 60–70% of CH4 fraction in biogas was set as an optimized condition. The experimental results were statistically optimized by application of ANN model using free forward back propagation in MATLAB environment. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
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    Emission from open burning of municipal solid waste in India
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Kumari, K.; Kumar, S.; Rajagopal, V.; Khare, A.; Kumar, R.
    Open burning of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a potential non-point source of emission, which causes greater concern especially in developing countries such as India. Lack of awareness about environmental impact of open burning, and ignorance of the fact, i.e. ‘Open burning is a source of emission of carcinogenic substances’ are major hindrances towards an appropriate municipal solid waste management system in India. The paper highlights the open burning of MSW practices in India, and the current and projected emission of 10 major pollutants (dioxin, furans, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and 1-hexene) emitted due to the open burning of MSW. Waste to Energy potential of MSW was also estimated adopting effective biological and thermal techniques. Statistical techniques were applied to analyse the data and current and projected emission of various pollutants were estimated. Data pertaining to population, MSW generation and its collection efficiency were compiled for 29 States and 7 Union Territories. Thereafter, emission of 10 pollutants was measured following methodology prescribed in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guideline for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006. The study revealed that people living in Metropolitan cities are more affected by emissions from open burning. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management options for India
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Khandelwal, H.; Thalla, A.K.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, R.
    Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool can be used for environmental assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of MSWM system in Nagpur city, India under four different scenarios. i.e., composting combined with landfilling (S1), material recovery facility (MRF) & composting combined with landfilling (S2), MRF & anaerobic digestion (AD) combined with landfilling (S3) and MRF, AD & composting combined with landfilling (S4) using LCA tool. The sensitivity analysis was also performed for evaluating the influence of recycling rate of valuable resources in all the considered scenarios. The scenarios were compared using Gabi 8.5.0.79 model and CML-1A impact characterization method. S2 was found to have the least environmental impacts on global warming, human toxicity, eutrophication, and photochemical ozone creation potential categories. The sensitivity analysis indicated an inversely proportional relation between change in recycling rate and total environmental burdens. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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    An approach to quantify the contamination potential of hazardous waste landfill leachate using the leachate pollution index
    (Institute for Ionics, 2024) Ambujan, A.; Thalla, A.K.
    A significant portion of the hazardous wastes generated by rapid industrialisation and urbanisation end up in landfills. The wastes disposed of in hazardous waste landfills are less biodegradable; thus, the leachate generated due to the physical and chemical changes in the landfill renders high toxicity. If not monitored and handled appropriately, this leachate could lead to contamination affecting human and livestock health and adversely affect the soil and agriculture in the vicinity of the landfill site. A tool to quantify the contamination caused by improper handling of hazardous waste landfill leachate is essential to understand which landfill site would need immediate attention. In the present study, the leachate pollution index is developed based on the predominantly available pollutants in hazardous waste landfill leachate and their toxicity limits. Fuzzy Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process has been used to develop the index. These techniques have been used for screening and assigning weights to the pollutants. Further, sub-index curves have been developed considering the available concentration, the toxicity, and the standard concentration limits for each pollutant. The weighted linear sum function has been used to aggregate the weights and sub-index scores. The hazardous waste landfill leachate pollution index developed in this study can serve as a potential tool for quantifying the leachate contamination potential. Furthermore, it can be used as a comparison tool for ranking landfill sites based on the contamination potential. © 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.
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    Improving landfill liner performance with bentonite-slag blend permeated with ammonia for a Municipal solid waste landfill
    (Academic Press, 2024) Aswathy, A.; Sunil, B.M.
    Leachate emanating from landfills contains ammonia which may cause serious health effects on living things. An effectively designed clay barrier should not allow the contaminant to infiltrate the soil and groundwater systems. The utilization of certain industrial by-products in engineered landfill barriers, not only reduces the need for conventional liner materials but also helps in sustainable waste management. This study investigated the hydraulic conductivity, unconfined compressive strength, compaction, and adsorption characteristics of lithomargic clay blended with an optimum percentage of bentonite (10%) and granulated blast furnace slag (15%) permeated with ammonia. The results revealed that increasing the content of granulated blast furnace slag decreased the maximum dry density while increasing the optimum moisture content. In comparison to lithomargic clay, the hydraulic conductivity of the amended soil liner permeated with ammonia decreased from a value of 3 × 10−8 m/s to 5 × 10−10 m/s. The unconfined compressive strength of the amended soil specimens showed an increasing trend with curing times (i.e., 0, 14, 28, and 56 days). The batch adsorption results revealed that Freundlich and Langmuir's isotherm fits the equilibrium adsorption data and the adsorption of ammonia on clay liner follows non-linear behaviour. Overall, the experimental results implied that lithomargic clay blended with 10% bentonite and 15% granulated blast furnace slag can be used as an impermeable soil reactive barrier in engineered landfills. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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    Adsorption – Advanced oxidation process (AAOP) for the heavy metals and organic matter removal from leachate using combined filtration -Fenton's and Photo-Fenton's treatment
    (Academic Press, 2024) Bhaskar, B.; Shree K N, R.; Apoorva, A.; Marikunte Yanjarappa, S.
    Design of cost – effective filtration unit was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of different filter media made of locally available materials to treat raw leachate. Four different filter media laterites, peat, bagasse and a mixture of all were considered as study filter media for the removal of Zinc, Nickel, Copper and Lead from raw leachate. The reactor exhibited a significant removal efficiency when the three-filter media were combined as a combination. A removal rate of around 83.0% and 64.12% was found for nickel and copper, respectively, with a combined filter medium. The order of heavy metal removal varied depending on the kind of filter media used. For combined filter media, the sequence was Ni > Cu > Pb > Zn. For bagasse filter media, it was Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni. For peat filter media, it was Ni > Cu > Pb > Zn. For laterite filter media, it was Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb. Insignificant removal of heavy metals was observed with bagasse in the current investigation and hence is not recommended for use as a filter medium. Pre-treated leachate was subjected to Fenton's oxidation and UV-Fenton's oxidation for organic matter removal. Green synthesized bleached laterite iron nanoparticles were used as a catalyst in the Fenton treatment. COD removal of 80.0% and 85.0% was observed with 0.5 g/L of nano iron catalyst and 500 mg/L of H2O2 and 100 mg/L of H2O2 on Fenton's oxidation and UV-Fenton's oxidation respectively. The synthesized particles were demonstrated to possess a catalytic function in the reduction of COD. Both Fenton's oxidation and UV-Fenton's oxidation exhibit pseudo-first-order kinetics with linear regression. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd