Faculty Publications
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Item Comparison of Different Pan Sharpening Techniques using Landsat 8 Imagery(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Govind, N.R.; Rishikeshan, C.A.; Ramesh, H.Pan sharpening technique is a widely used image processing technique which combines the data available from various sensors and exploits its varied capabilities. In this study, the efficiency of four diverse pan sharpening methods namely High Pass filter, Modified Intensity Hue Saturation, Ehlers fusion and Hyperspectral Colour Sharpening was evaluated. The pan sharpening approaches are applied to Landsat 8 imagery of an urban area. The spatial and spectral quality of the fused images is assessed using different indices like Bias, RMSE, Correlation Coefficient and ERGAS. The fused images obtained have improved spatial resolution and visual appearance compared to the original MS image. The fused images have a spatial resolution comparable to that of the PAN image. According to visual analysis, Modified IHS method yielded a fused image with better visual interpretability. The statistical analysis shows that the high pass filter is the most suitable pan sharpening method for this dataset. On testing for Bias, RMSE, ERGAS and CC, the high pass filter method performed best followed by Modified Intensity Hue saturation, Ehlers fusion and Hyperspectral Colour Sharpening while Ehlers fusion showed a higher correlation, compared to Modified IHS. © 2019 IEEE.Item Remote sensing and GIS application in assessment of coastal vulnerability and shoreline changes: a review(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Kulithalai Shiyam Sundar, K.S.S.; Deka, P.C.Coastal zones are the transition between the land and sea. With the advancements in the technology in past few decades lead to the increase in the need for the transportation in turn leading to the construction of harbors, roads, industries, settlements and recreational activities making the coastal environment a fragile one. Spite of overexploitation and unsustainable use of the resources leads the researchers to assess the rate of change and the vulnerability of the coast. In this review two aspects, shoreline changes and the coastal vulnerability index (CVI), had been reviewed and discussed in detail. Authors refined the set of parameters to determine the vulnerability, depending on the physical and socio-economic condition of the coast. Finally, an attempt is made to review the research work carried out in the vulnerability assessment and shoreline change studies that were reported from different coastal zones at different time-spans and methodologies helping the researchers to frame their parameters required for the particular study depending on the nature of the study region. Thus, providing the insight knowledge for the authors to determine the critical parameter that influences the coast to a greater extent for a particular study. © 2019 Indian Society for Hydraulics.Item Industrial estate planning for Mangalore Taluk in Karnataka, using remote sensing and GIS(2006) Navalgund, L.; Shreedhara, V.; Srinikethan, G.The present work presents a technique to prepare zoning atlas to classify the environment and risks involved in siting an industry. Based on risks involved in a classified zone, the best-suited industries are recommended. Mangalore city has been taken as the study area has for the present work. Sensitivity of study area has been checked in terms of air pollution, surface water pollution and groundwater pollution. The study relies upon the database procured for this purpose from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Karnataka State Remote Sensing Technology, Bang lore. The database mainly comprises of topographic maps, thematic maps and groundwater information. Buffering and over-laying of the thematic maps have been carried out as per the guidelines of CPCB. © Enviromedia Printed in India. All rights reserved.Item Coastal vulnerability assessment of the future sea level rise in Udupi coastal zone of Karnataka state, west coast of India(2009) Dwarakish, G.S.; Vinay, S.A.; Natesan, U.; Asano, T.; Kakinuma, T.; Venkataramana, K.; Pai, B.J.; Babita, M.K.Udupi coast in Karnataka state, along the west coast of India, selected as a study area, is well known for sandy beaches, aquaculture ponds, lush greenery, temples and major and minor industries. It lies between 13°00?00?-13°45?00? north latitudes and 74°47?30?-74°30?00? east longitudes, the length of the coastline is 95 km, and is oriented along the NNW-SSE direction. It is vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise (SLR) due to its low topography and its high ecological and touristy value. The present study has been carried out with a view to calculate the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) to know the high and low vulnerable areas and area of inundation due to future SLR, and land loss due to coastal erosion. Both conventional and remotely sensed data were used and analysed through the modelling technique and by using ERDAS Imagine and geographical information system software. The rate of erosion was 0.6018 km2/yr during 2000-2006 and around 46 km of the total 95 km stretch is under critical erosion. Out of the 95 km stretch coastline, 59% is at very high risk, 7% high, 4% moderate and 30% in the low vulnerable category, due to SLR. Results of the inundation analysis indicate that 42.19 km2 and 372.08 km2 of the land area will be submerged by flooding at 1 m and 10 m inundation levels. The most severely affected sectors are expected to be the residential and recreational areas, agricultural land, and the natural ecosystem. As this coast is planned for future coastal developmental activities, measures such as building regulation, urban growth planning, development of an integrated coastal zone management, strict enforcement of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act 1991, monitoring of impacts and further research in this regard are recommended for the study area. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Importance of geology and soil survey for mobile communication site planning using RS/GIS technology(2010) Naveenchandra, B.; Lokesh, K.N.; Usha; Gangadhara Bhat, H.G.Geology and Soil survey constitutes a valuable resource inventory linked with the survival of life on the earth. The technological advancements in the field of remote sensing and Geographical Information System have been a boon for such surveys. The present paper describes the role of Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies for geological mapping and characterizing the importance of soils at various scales for identification of suitable sites for mobile communication network. Cellular network design is becoming more and more important since the network quality is highly dependent on the distribution of base stations. To design a cellular network for a particular region efficiently and accurately, the site suitability is an important determination. The country's mobile services market is forecast to grow by a compound annual rate of 28.3% in next five years. India is a vibrant market from communications point of view. The subscriber base in the wireless market in India, the world's fastest growing telecom market reached another milestone when it surpassed 200 million subscribers in Aug 2008. At present there are around 54000 cell sites operated by different GSM/CDMA operators. This number would further go up to 80,000 in next couple of years. To serve an increasing number of users requires an increasing number of base stations. Thus, operators must carefully plan the deployment and configurations of radio base stations to support voice and data traffic at a level of quality expected by customers. The present study carried out in the Udupi district of Karnataka State based on IRS 1C/1D LISS-III and CARTOSAT-1 satellite data. Various thematic maps like geology, soil, geomorphology, slope and land use/land cover with DEM has helped in understanding the terrain in a better way. The multi spectral satellite data in conjunction with SuperGIS, SuperPad and Getac GPS hardware have helped to formulate suitable plans and strategies for an effective Telecom planning and development in Udupi district. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Identification of Artificial recharge sites in hard rock terrain using RS and GIS in Chintapally Mandal, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India(2010) Raju, A.; Reddy, A.G.S.; Venkat Reddy, D.A study has been undertaken to identify the favorable areas for artificial recharge in Chintapally mandal in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing technology contributes an efficient and effective result oriented methods for studying the occurrence and movement of groundwater resources. Integration of various thematic layers such as geomorphology, slope, soil types, lineament density, and drainage density have been used to identify the suitable zones for the artificial recharge in the study area. For identifying the suitable zones, weightage and ranking scores were assigned to each thematic layer then using ARC/INFO GIS software, the above themes have been integrated and the areas suitable for artificial recharge have been identified using spatial analysis tools from GIS environment. The favorable areas for artificial recharge have been categorized into Very Good, Good, Moderate to Good, Moderate, Poor to Moderate and poor for recharge in the study area. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Morphometric evidences for neotectonism in the Mulki River basin of coastal Karnataka, India(2011) Radhakrishnan, K.; Lokesh, K.N.Mulki River basin, a rectilinear midland river draining the coastal Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka located in the Mulki-Pulikat Lake axis in south Indian Peninsula shield has been analysed for various morphometric characteristics to understand the tectonic conditions of the basin along with supporting evidences of geomorphology, geology and structural features using Remote Sensing and GIS technology. The regional neotectonism suggested by earlier workers evidenced through geomorphologic features and geology of the area has been established through morphometric analysis. Even though Mulki, a 6 th order river basin obeys the Horton's laws of stream order it disobeys the Horton's law of stream length, indicating the regional uplift due to neotectonic activities. Fluctuating stream length ratio of successive stream orders in the basin again stress upliftment and a late youth stage development of geomorphic features reflected in slope and topographic conditions. The range of varying bifurcation ratios and the low Form Factor along with Circularity and Elongation Ratios strongly suggest a geologically and structurally controlled drainage system with elongated basin shape and high relief pointing towards neotectonism. A very low relief ratio of 0.008342, with entrenched meandering plain and a steep structural ridge within the basin indicates a rejuvenation of the basin with regional uplift. A very coarse graded drainage texture of 7.84 with low stream frequency of 2.5 and a drainage density of 1.877km/km 2 suggest that the area is having highly resistant permeable subsoil in a low relief terrain indicative of neogene tectonic activities. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Land use scenario analysis and prediction of runoff using SCS-CN method: A case study from the Gudgudi tank, Haveri district, Karnataka, India(2011) Bhagwat, N.B.; Shetty, A.; Hegde, V.S.Runoff from the Gudgudi tank catchment (209 ha) near Hangal in the Northern Karnataka is estimated employing Soil Conservation Services(SCS) model based on the hydrological data and land use/ land cover data. Rainfall measured for 2006 using a tipping bucket indicated annual rainfall of 887.7mm in the tank catchment. Textural characteristics of the soil indicate sandy-clayey type which corresponds to hydrological soil group "C and D". Average Soil infiltration rate of 0.18 cm/hour for the forest-land and 0.21 cm/hour for agriculture land has been observed. Weighted curve number is arrived based on the antecedent moisture conditions, and runoff is estimated for the existing land-use. Areastorage curve is constructed using the tank bed contours. Considering the hypothetical changes in the agriculture and forest area coverage, optimum conditions for maximizing the runoff and storage in the tank is arrived. The analysis suggests land use pattern of 15% of forest cover and 85% of agriculture land coverage in this region provide maximum runoff and storage in the tank for sustainable development. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.Item Land use/land cover changes around Rameshwaram Island, east coast of India(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2014) Gowthaman, R.; Dwarakish, G.S.; Sanilkumar, V.Land-use/land cover changes are studied using the Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS-1C, IRS-P6) Linear Image Self-scan Sensor (LISS) III data of 1998 and 2010. Coastal land use categories such as sand, vegetation, coral reef and water have been identified using interpretation keys. Results of land-use/land cover assessment based on visual interpretation are presented. The study indicates water body of 178 and 177 km2, sand features of 32 and 32 km2, vegetation of 28 and 35 km2 and coral reef of 5 and 6 km2 respectively. © 2014, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.Item Latent heat flux estimation using trapezoidal relationship between MODIS land surface temperature and fraction of vegetation-application and validation in a humid tropical region(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2014) Laxmi, K.; Nandagiri, L.The present study was taken up with the objective of developing a methodology for estimation of actual evapotranspiration (AET) using only satellite data. Accordingly, an algorithm based on the popular Priestley-Taylor method was developed. While previous studies have assumed a triangular relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and fraction of vegetation (FV) to calculate the Priestley-Taylor parameter (?), a trapezoidal relationship was adopted in the present study to enable applications in forested regions in the humid tropics. The developed algorithm was applied to the humid tropical Mae Klong region, Thailand, and latent heat flux (ET) estimates were validated with measurements made at a flux tower located at the centre of the region. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing satellite data products corresponding to the study area were used to derive various inputs required by the algorithm. Comparison of estimated and measured fluxes on five cloud-free days in 2003 yielded root mean square error (RMSE) of 64.73 W m-2 which reduced to 18.65 W m-2 when one day was treated as an outlier. The methodology developed in this study derived inputs only from satellite imagery and provided reasonably accurate estimates of latent heat flux at a humid tropical location. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.