Faculty Publications
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Item Rural nonfarm employment, income, and inequality: Evidence from Bhutan(MIT Press Journals, 2015) Rahut, D.B.; Jena, P.R.; Ali, A.; Behera, B.; Chhetri, N.B.Using the 2012 Bhutan Living Standard Survey, this paper finds that rural nonfarmactivities comprise 60.7% of rural household income in Bhutan and this contribution increases with higher income and education levels. The poor and less educated participate less in the nonfarm sector.When they do, they are selfemployed in petty nonfarmactivities, which require little investment and little or no skills. Accounting for endogeneity and sample selection issues, we estimate the determinants of participation in nonfarm activities and nonfarm incomes. We find that a household’s education and labor supply play an important role in accessing more remunerative nonfarm employment. Interestingly, we find that women play an important role in self-employment in nonfarm activities. Decomposition shows that nonfarm income has a disequalizing effect and farm income has an equalizing effect, indicating the need to increase the endowment of poor households to enable them to access the lucrative rural nonfarm sector. Further decomposition reveals that self-employment in petty nonfarm activities reduces inequality. © 2015 Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute.Item E-learning adoption based on gender differences: Insight from India(Inderscience Publishers, 2020) Vanitha, P.S.; Alathur, S.Aim of this study is to explore the adoption of e-learning across gender. This study identifies how the factors influence e-learning adoption based on gender. The theories pertinent to gender difference are reviewed. Using a quantitative questionnaire survey method, 425 responses were collected from various higher education institutions from southern India. Using this data set acceptance of the hypothesis on e-learning adopted among different gender was statistically reported. Partial least square-structure equation model (PLE-SEM) is carried out to find the similarities and dissimilarities among male and female users in e-learning adoption. The current research focused on two dimensions: learner and technology. Further research can focus on the economy, religion and other possible factors. Earlier studies less reported on influence on the e-learning adoption based on different genders in India. Therefore, the current study focus on gender-based e-learning adoption in the Indian context. © © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Languages, Castes and Hierarchy: Basel Mission in Nineteenth-Century Coastal Karnataka(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd F 35-55, Triveni Commercial Complex.Sheikh Sarai,Phase I New Dehli 110 017, 2020) Koudur, S.In the former South Kanara or south coastal Karnataka region, the presence of overlapping languages, mainly Tulu and Kannada, posed prolonged dilemmas in the nineteenth century for the Basel Mission. The choice of language was important for their evangelical work, supported by important language-related activities such as dictionary making, grammar writing and translations. Since language use was intertwined with caste hierarchy, this raised issues over the position of lower castes, mainly Billavas, for the native elites and upper castes. This article argues that the prioritisation of Kannada, and relegation of Tulu to a secondary position, was an outcome not only of missionary perceptions of the larger Kannada context, but also more importantly can be traced back to elite representations regarding the subaltern Tulu culture and lifeworld. As missionary intervention in education and native language use challenged the status quo of social hierarchy among local communities, this sparked efforts by the native elites to reclaim and restore the earlier hierarchy. In the process, the native elite representations of Tulu language and culture became at the same time an effort at dismissal and appropriation. © 2020 SAGE Publications.
