Faculty Publications

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    Nisin gold nanoparticles assemble as potent antimicrobial agent against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates
    (Editions de Sante editions.de.sante@wanadoo.fr, 2017) Pradeepa, n.; Bhat, K.U.; Vidya, S.M.
    Enterococci and staphylococci have the potency to acquire resistant to antibiotics and have emerged as serious nosocomial pathogens responsible for various diseases. The continuous seeking of new antimicrobials against these pathogens is the only way to avoid the rapid spreading of diseases. Controlled fabrication of existing antimicrobials with nanoparticles offers an alternative strategy to combat against these pathogens with an effective manner. In the present study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were functionalized with nisin to kill a wide range of clinically isolated Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Nisin functionalized gold nanoparticles (NAuNPs) exhibited good inhibitory activity against all seven multidrug resistant (MDR) and eight non-MDR E. faecalis and S. aureus strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration of NAuNPs was >8–32 fold lower than nisin. Interestingly, antibiotic resistant was not observed by these pathogens up to 8 generation. TEM and AFM investigation revealed that, the antimicrobial action of NAuNPs appears to act in three sequential stages: membrane destabilization, pore formation, followed by intracellular fluid leakage. In addition, NAuNPs were non toxic and showed less hemolytic activity. These findings indicated that, the NAuNPs can be served as an alternative antimicrobial agent to treat a wide range of enterococcal and staphylococcal infections. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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    Duration of dry and humidified incubation of single-step embryo culture medium and oxygen tension during sham culture do not alter medium composition.
    (F1000 Research Ltd, 2022) Adiga, S.K.; Cheredath, A.; Uppangala, S.; Asampille, G.; Lakshmi, V.; Joseph, D.; Raval, K.; Gowda, N.; Kalthur, G.
    Background: The extended embryo culture using single-step medium gained popularity in clinical in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, there are concerns about the degradation of unstable medium components and their negative effects on the developing embryos. Further, dry-incubation can increase osmolality, which can in-turn enhance the concentration of constituents of the media and their stability. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the immediate changes in the culture media constituents in relation to clinically comparable situations such as single-step extended embryo culture and use of dry and humidified-incubation in two-different gaseous conditions. Methods: Commercially available single-step medium was sham-cultured in droplets under oil in two different conditions viz. dry (37°C; 6%CO 2; 5%O 2) and humidified (37°C; 6% CO 2; atmospheric O 2) for 0h, 72h, and 120h intervals. Droplets were subjected to the sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based profiling using 800 MHz NMR equipped with a cryogenically cooled micro-coil (1.7mm) probe. NMR profile of the embryo culture medium between the two groups were comprehensively assessed. Results: A total of ten amino acids and four energy substrates were identified from the culture medium. The medium constituents identified showed a non-significant increase in the dry-incubation group at 72h and then declined at 120h. Humidified incubation had no effects on the level of the identified medium constituents until 120h. No significant differences in the levels of medium constituents identified were observed between the dry and humidified-groups at various time-points tested. Conclusions: A non-significant variation in the levels of medium constituents observed in the dry-incubation of single-step medium most unlikely to influence a clinical outcome. However, the impact of these subtle changes on the (epi)genetic integrity of the embryos in a clinical set-up to be addressed. © 2022 Cheredath A et al.