Faculty Publications
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Item The uptake mechanism of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) by mycelia and fruiting bodies of Galerina vittiformis(Hindawi Publishing Corporation 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, 287 pmb New York NY 10022, 2013) Damodaran, D.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.; Shetty K, K.Optimum concentrations of heavy metals like copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, and zinc in soil are essential in carrying out various cellular activities in minimum concentrations and hence help in sustaining all life forms, although higher concentration of these metals is lethal to most of the life forms. Galerina vittiformis, a macrofungus, was found to accumulate these heavy metals into its fleshy fruiting body in the order Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cr(VI) from 50 mg/kg soil. It possesses various ranges of potential cellular mechanisms that may be involved in detoxification of heavy metals and thus increases its tolerance to heavy metal stress, mainly by producing organic acids and phytochelatins (PCs). These components help in repairing stress damaged proteins and compartmentalisation of metals to vacuoles. The stress tolerance mechanism can be deduced by various analytical tools like SEM-EDX, FTIR, and LC-MS. Production of two kinds of phytochelatins was observed in the organism in response to metal stress. © 2013 Dilna Damodaran et al.Item Effect of chelaters on bioaccumulation of Cd (II), Cu (II), Cr (VI), Pb (II) and Zn (II) in Galerina vittiformis from soil(2013) Damodaran, D.; Shetty K, K.; Raj Mohan, B.Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and water streams are of great necessity as heavy metals are toxic and pose hazardous ecological impacts. Low cost mitigation measures like phytoremediation and mycoremediation are commonly employed. Mycoremediation using macro fungi (mushroom) have proven to provide effective tolerance using an efficient accumulation mechanism in removing heavy metals from soil. The current paper reports the heavy metal remediation potential of macro fungi on soil artificially contaminated with 50mgkg-1 of Cu (II), Cd (II), Cr (VI), Pb (II), and Zn (II) ions. Galerina vittiformis belonging to Strophariacea family was found to be effective in removing the heavy metal from the soil under study within 30 days. Both chemical and biological chelaters at 1, 5, and 10mmolkg-1 concentrations were found to increase the mycoremediation potential of the organism. This study showed that G. vittiformis are efficient in remediating heavy metal from contaminated soil and that their remediation potential can be enhanced by the addition of chelaters. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.Item Uptake of certain heavy metals from contaminated soil by mushroom-Galerina vittiformis(Academic Press, 2014) Damodaran, D.; Shetty K, K.; Raj Mohan, B.Remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals has received considerable attention in recent years. In this study, the heavy metal uptake potential of the mushroom, Galerina vittiformis, was studied in soil artificially contaminated with Cu (II), Cd (II), Cr (VI), Pb (II) and Zn (II) at concentrations of 50 and 100. mg/kg. G. vittiformis was found to be effective in removing the metals from soil within 30 days. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for both mycelia and fruiting bodies with respect to these heavy metals at 50. mg/kg concentrations were found to be greater than one, indicating hyper accumulating nature by the mushroom. The metal removal rates by G. vittiformis was analyzed using different kinetic rate constants and found to follow the second order kinetic rate equation except for Cd (II), which followed the first order rate kinetics. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.Item Developing a biocatalyst showcasing the synergistic effect of rice husk biochar and bacterial cells for the removal of heavy metals(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Manikandan, S.K.; Nair, V.Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are toxic pollutants that affect the environment and pose health risks. Removal of Cd and Ni through bioremediation in the presence of biochar is a sustainable strategy. This study investigated the removal of Cd and Ni by Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized on rice husk biochar (PRHB). The removal efficiency was calculated by varying the culture incubation time, pH, temperature, biocatalyst dosage, and initial metal ion concentration. PRHB showed a maximum metal removal capacity of 95% Cd and 92% Ni. The removal efficiency of PRHB was higher than that of free cells, which could be attributed to simultaneous adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and bioaccumulation caused by the biochar carrier and bacteria. The rice husk biochar material served as both an adsorbent and a carrier supplying nutrients for the growth of the bacteria. Considering the excellent metal ion removal capability and reusability, the use of PRHB could be a promising, cost-effective, and environment-friendly strategy for treating wastewater containing heavy metals. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Croconic acid-based zwitterionic conjugated porous polymer featuring nitrogen-rich triazine cores for enhanced iodine capture(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ravikumar, M.V.; Lakshmi, V.Increased nuclear energy consumption leads to the enormous release of hazardous gases such as iodine into the environment. To address this concern, two zwitterionic Conjugated Porous Polymers (CPPs) CTTz and STTz have been synthesized by incorporating nitrogen-rich TTz with zwitterionic CA/SA under catalyst-free solvothermal conditions to achieve efficient multi-state iodine adsorption. The multiple active binding sites serve their dominance in trapping iodine species effectively. The polymers demonstrated exceptional iodine adsorption capabilities in both vapour phase and solution phases, with ?6.4 g/g and ?1.1 g/g iodine adsorption for CTTz and ?4.6 g/g and ?1.6 g/g for STTz, respectively. The zwitterionic backbones (CA/SA) in the polymer framework facilitated the formation of charge transfer complexes with iodine species, and the presence of triazine moieties enhances adsorption. The exceptional iodine capturing by CTTz and STTz lasted over a period of five cycles (?80 %). The iodine-loaded and recovered CPPs were analyzed using FTIR, FESEM, BET, XRD, and Raman spectroscopic studies, revealing the capture and release of different iodine species (I2, I3-, and I5-) by adsorbents. These findings offer valuable insights for designing and developing advanced zwitterionic adsorbent materials for effective dual-phase iodine capture and removal. Environmental implication: Uncontrolled release of radioactive iodine from nuclear energy sources poses a significant environmental and public health risk due to its volatility, mobility, and potential for bioaccumulation. Thus, it is essential to develop highly efficient, regenerable, and chemically stable adsorbents for removing iodine contamination in both vapour and solution phases. This study presents CTTz and STTz synthesised using Tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine and croconic/squaric acid building blocks, demonstrating exceptional iodine capture in both phases. Their robust structures, rich in nitrogen, oxygen and ionic binding sites, enable efficient charge-transfer complex formation with iodine species under ambient conditions. These results promote next-generation adsorbent development for nuclear waste management and provide a viable solution for preventing iodine radionuclide environmental contamination. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.