Faculty Publications
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Item Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of rice and corn starch(Wiley-Liss Inc., 2020) Govindaraju, I.; Pallen, S.; Umashankar, S.; Mal, S.S.; Kaniyala Melanthota, S.; Mahato, D.R.; Zhuo, G.-Y.; Mahato, K.K.; Mazumder, N.Starch granules from rice and corn were isolated, and their molecular mechanism on interaction with ?-amylase was characterized through biochemical test, microscopic imaging, and spectroscopic measurements. The micro-scale structure of starch granules were observed under an optical microscope and their average size was in the range 1–100 ?m. The surface topological structures of starch with micro-holes due to the effect of ?- amylase were also visualized under scanning electron microscope. The crystallinity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns as well as second-harmonic generation microscopy. The change in chemical bonds before and after hydrolysis of the starch granules by ?- amylase was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Combination of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques relates structural and chemical features that explain starch enzymatic hydrolysis which will provide a valid basis for future studies in food science and insights into the energy transformation dynamics. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item Comprehensive analysis of Syzygium cumini L. pomace extract as an ?-amylase inhibitor: In vitro inhibition, kinetics, and computational studies(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Venkatramanan, V.; Balu, A.K.; Sinclair, B.J.; Perinbarajan, G.K.; Jenifer A, D.; Ganesan Sudha, H.; Arulvel, A.; Baskar, B.; Muthu, M.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) fruits and seeds have been traditionally used in Ayurveda to manage diabetes. While fruit and seed extracts have been extensively studied for their anti-?-amylase properties, pomace, a byproduct of juice extraction, remains under explored. This study investigated the ?-amylase inhibitory potential of jamun pomace (JP) extract by using in vitro and in silico methods. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC??) value of 85.68 ± 5.22 ?g/mL for the JP extract, comparable to acarbose (64.28 ± 7.15 ?g/mL). The extract exhibited mixed-mode inhibition, whereas acarbose showed competitive mode inhibition. At 10 ?g/mL, the Vmax of JP extract was half that of acarbose, demonstrating significant inhibition. GC–MS analysis identified 11 volatile compounds (R1–R11) in the JP extract. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ADMET analyses confirmed the chemical reactivity of the volatiles, drug-like properties, and low toxicity. Molecular docking revealed a high binding score for R11 (?8.0 kcal/mol), similar to acarbose (?8.2 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrated the stability of ?-amylase complexes with R11, R3, and R8, with R11 showing the lowest binding energy (?28.75 ± 6.25 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that R11 and JP extracts hold promise as anti-diabetic agents. Utilizing JP extract as a nutraceutical offers the dual benefit of diabetes management and sustainable waste valorization in jamun juice production. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.