Faculty Publications
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Item An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of chromium content on the plane strain fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron (ADI). ADIs containing 0, 0.3 and 0.5 wt.% chromium were austempered over a range of temperatures to produce different microstructures. The microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Plane strain fracture toughness of all these materials was determined and correlated with microstructure and chromium content. The chromium content was found to influence the fracture toughness through its influence on the processing window. Since the chromium addition shifts the processing window to shorter durations, the higher chromium alloys at higher austempering temperatures tend to fall outside of the processing window, resulting in less than optimum microstructure and inferior fracture toughness. A small chromium addition of 0.3 wt.% was found to be beneficial for the fracture toughness of ADI. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.(Elsevier BV, Investigations on the fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron alloyed with chromium) Prasad Rao, P.; Putatunda, S.K.2003Item A selective complexometric method is described for the determination of mercury(II) using sodium metabisulphite as a masking reagent. An excess of EDTA is added to mercury(II) solution containing associated diverse metal ions and the surplus EDTA is back titrated at pH 5-6 (hexamine buffer) with standard zinc sulphate solution using xylenol orange as indicator. An aqueous solution of sodium metabisulphite is then added to displace EDTA selectively from Hg-EDTA complex and the released EDTA is then titrated against the same standard zinc sulphate solution. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the range 4-100 mg of mercury with a relative error ? 0.26% and coefficient of variation ?0.40%. The method is useful for the analysis of mercury in complexes and alloy samples.(Complexometric method for the determination of mercury using sodium metabisulphite as selective masking reagent) Shetty, P.; Nityananda Shetty, A.N.2004Item A simple, rapid and accurate complexometric method for the determination of palladium(II) is proposed, based on the selective masking property of thioacetamide towards palladium(II). In the presence of diverse metal ions, palladium(II) is complexed with excess of EDTA and the surplus EDTA is back titrated at pH 5-5.5(acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer) with standard lead nitrate solution using xylenol orange as indicator. An excess of a 0.5% aqueous solution of thioacetamide is then added to displace EDTA from Pd(II)-EDTA complex. The released EDTA is titrated with the same standard lead nitrate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the concentration range 0.5mg-17.80mg of palladium with relative error of ±0.16% and coefficient of variation not exceeding 0.26%. The effect of diverse ions is studied. The method is used for the determination of palladium in its complexes, catalysts and synthetic alloy mixtures.(Complexometric determination of palladium(II) using thioacetamide as a selective masking agent) Parameshwara, P.; Karthikeyan, J.; Nityananda Shetty, A.N.; Shetty, P.2006Item Phase transformation, structural evolution and mechanical property of nanostructured FeAl as a result of mechanical alloying(2009) Rajath Hegde, M.M.R.; Surendranathan, A.O.Objective of the work was to synthesize nanostructured FeAl alloy powder by mechanical alloying (MEA). The work concentrated on synthesis, characterization, structural and mechanical properties of the alloy. Nanostructured FeAl intermetallics were prepared directly by MEA in a high energy rate ball mill. Milling was performed under toluene solution to avoid contamination from the milling media and atmosphere. Mixtures of elemental Fe and Al were progressively transformed into a partially disordered solid solution with an average composition of Fe-50 at % Al. Phase transformation, structural changes, morphology, particle size measurement and chemical composition during MEA were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. Vickers micro hardness (VMH) indentation tests were performed on the powders. XRD and SEM studies revealed the alloying of elemental powders as well as transition to nanostructured alloy, crystallite size of 18 nm was obtained after 28 hours of milling. Expansion/contraction in lattice parameter accompanied by reduction in crystallite size occurs during transition to nanostructured alloy. Longer milling duration introduces ordering in the alloyed powders as proved by the presence of superlattice reflection. Elemental and alloyed phase coexist while hardness increased during MEA. © 2009 Allerton Press, Inc.Item Spectrophotometric determination of platinum(IV) in alloys, complexes, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples using 4-[N,N-(diethyl)amino] benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone(2010) Naik, P.P.; Karthikeyan, J.; Nityananda Shetty, A.N.4-[N,N-(Diethyl)amino] benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (DEABT) is proposed as an analytical reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of platinum(IV). The DEABT forms 1:2 yellow complex with Pt(IV), which is sparingly soluble in water and completely soluble in water-ethanol-DMF medium. The Pt(IV)-DEABT complex shows maximum absorbance at 405 nm. Beer's law is valid up to 7.80 ?g cm-3, and optimum concentration range for the determination of platinum(IV) is 0.48-7.02 ?g cm-3. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the method are found to be 1.755 × 104 dm3 mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0012 ?g cm-2, respectively. The relative error and coefficient of variation (n=6) for the method does not exceed ±0.43% and 0.35%, respectively. Since the method tolerates a number of metal ions commonly associated with platinum, it can be employed for the determination of platinum in environmental samples, pharmaceutical samples, alloys, catalysts, and complexes. The method is rapid as the Pt(IV)-DEABT complex is soluble in water-ethanol-DMF medium and not requiring any time consuming extraction method for the complex. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.Item A rapid extractive spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) in environmental samples, alloys, complexes and pharmaceutical samples using 4-N,N(dimethyl)amino]benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone(2011) Karthikeyan, J.; Naik, P.P.; Nityananda Shetty, A.N.4-[N,N-(Dimethyl)amino]benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (DMABT) is proposed as an analytical reagent for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of copper(II). DMABT forms yellow colored complex with copper(II) in the pH range 4.4-5.4. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range up to 4.7 ?g mL -1. The optimum concentration range for minimum photometric error as determined by Ringbom plot method is 1.2-3.8 ?g mL-1. The yellowish Cu(II)-DMABT complex shows a maximum absorbance at 420 nm, with molar absorptivity of 1.72 × 104dm3 mol-1 cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex obtained from Beer's data is 0.0036 ?g cm-2. The composition of the Cu(II)-DMABT complex is found to be 1:2 (M/L). The interference of various cations and anions in the method were studied. Thus the method can be employed for the determination of trace amount of copper(II) in water, alloys and other natural samples of significant importance. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.Item Methodological and parametric studies of machinability of carbon and alloy steels(2013) Lalbondre, R.; Krishna, P.; Mohan Kumar, G.C.The carbon and alloy steels form an increasingly diverse variety and range of steels in manufacturing industries. The assessment of the machinability of an engineering material becomes a matter of prime activity to improve productivity. The machinability of carbon and alloy steels is affected by many factors, such as the composition, microstructure, and strength level of the steel; the feeds, speeds, and depth of cut; and the choice of cutting fluid, cutting tool material and its geometry. Thus the machinability is an intrinsic technological property which is complex to understand and difficult to determine. This paper discusses different methodology of determining the machinability and its rating/index. One of the methodologies, the face turning method in particular, shall be used to determine the machinability of carbon and alloy steel. Further it deals with identifying the appropriate cutting parameters to test the machinability in an effective, simple and easy way. The research work findings here provide useful economic machining solution of knowing, in advance, the machinability of steels to gain and maintain a competitive advantage. © 2013 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.Item Microstructure and corrosion behavior of laser processed NiTi alloy(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Marattukalam, J.J.; Singh, A.K.; Datta, S.; Das, M.; Balla, V.K.; Bontha, S.; Kalpathy, S.K.Abstract Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™), a commercially available additive manufacturing technology, has been used to fabricate dense equiatomic NiTi alloy components. The primary aim of this work is to study the effect of laser power and scan speed on microstructure, phase constituents, hardness and corrosion behavior of laser processed NiTi alloy. The results showed retention of large amount of high-temperature austenite phase at room temperature due to high cooling rates associated with laser processing. The high amount of austenite in these samples increased the hardness. The grain size and corrosion resistance were found to increase with laser power. The surface energy of NiTi alloy, calculated using contact angles, decreased from 61 mN/m to 56 mN/m with increase in laser energy density from 20 J/mm2 to 80 J/mm2. The decrease in surface energy shifted the corrosion potentials to nobler direction and decreased the corrosion current. Under present experimental conditions the laser power found to have strong influence on microstructure, phase constituents and corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis and band gap tuning in CdSe(1-x)Te(x) thin films for solar cell applications(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Santhosh, T.C.M.; Bangera, K.V.; Shivakumar, G.K.Thin films of CdSe(1-x)Te(x) (x = 0 – 1) were grown on to the glass substrates by thermal evaporation method (PVD). The effect of annealing duration on the formation of single phase ternary alloys were systematically investigated. The prepared thin films were characterized by using FE-SEM, EDS and X-ray diffractometer. The X-ray diffraction studies shows that vacuum annealed films are polycrystalline in nature, and well oriented along a preferred direction of (0 0 2) for hexagonal and along (1 1 1) for cubic crystal structure. It is observed that increase in the CdTe concentration leads to change in the crystal structure from hexagonal to cubic. The absorption coefficients and optical band gaps were evaluated from spectrometric measurements. It is observed that optical band gap can be tuned from 1.67 eV to 1.51 eV as value of x varied from 0 to 1. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Degradation, wettability and surface characteristics of laser surface modified Mg–Zn–Gd–Nd alloy(Springer, 2020) K.r, R.; Bontha, S.; M.r, R.; Das, M.; Balla, V.K.This work evaluates the effects of laser surface modification on Mg–Zn–Gd–Nd alloy which is a potential biodegradable material for temporary bone implant applications. The laser surface melted (LSM) samples were investigated for microstructure, wettability, surface hardness and in vitro degradation. The microstructural study was carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM, TEM) and the phases present were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The in vitro degradation behaviour was assessed in hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) by immersion corrosion technique and the effect of LSM process parameters on the wettability was analyzed through contact angle measurements. The microstructural examination showed remarkable grain refinement as well as uniform redistribution of intermetallic phases throughout the matrix after LSM. These microstructural changes increased the hardness of LSM samples with an increase in energy density. The wetting behaviour of processed samples showed hydrophilic nature when processed at lower (12.5 and 17.5 J/mm2) and intermediate energy density (22.5 and 25 J/mm2), which can potentially improve cell-materials interaction. The corrosion rate of as cast Mg–Zn–Gd–Nd alloy decreased by ~83% due to LSM. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.