Faculty Publications

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Continuous operation of fluidized bed bioreactor for biogenic sulfide oxidation using immobilized cells of Thiobacillus sp
(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007) Ravichandra, P.; Mugeraya, G.; Anupoju, G.R.; Ramakrishna, M.; Jetty, A.
In the present study, obligate autotrophic Thiobacillus sp. was isolated from aerobic sludge distillery effluent treatment plant and the experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed bioreactor for the biological oxidation of sulfide using Ca-alginate immobilized Thiobacillus sp. All the experiments were conducted in continuous mode at different sulfide loading rates 0.018, 0.02475, 0.03375, 0.03825 and 0.054 and different hydraulic retention times 5, 3.67, 2.67, 2.35 and 1.67 h by varying flow rates 2.4×10-4, 3.3×10-4, 4.5×10-4, 5.1 × 10-4 and 7.2×10-4. Sulfide conversions higher than 90% were obtained at almost all sulfide loading rates and hydraulic retention times. All the experiments were conducted at constant pH of around 6 and temperature of 30±5°C. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal in Biofilter: Evaluation of a new filter material by immobilization of thiobacillus sp
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH peter.golla@degruyter.com, 2009) Potumarthi, R.; Anupoju, G.R.; Mugeraya, G.; Jetty, A.
Different agricultural residue was evaluated as a biofilter material for the removal of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using Thiobacillus sp. A Combination of four different agricultural residues, viz., sugarcane bagasse, coconut coir pith, rice husk and saw dust were evaluated as biofilter material. From results, it was observed that filter material having composition of 2:4:2:2, 4:4:2:2 and 4:2:2:4 has resulted in retaining 70% moisture content at the end of 10 days. The biofilter was operated for 128 days in three phases by varying inlet H2S concentration from 321 to 2020 ppmv. Biofilter exhibited 100% removal efficiency (RE) at an inlet concentration of 570 ppmv, 99% RE at an inlet concentration of 1416 ppmv and 66% RE at a maximum inlet concentration of 2020 ppmv. The filter performance in terms of RE, dropped to 48% when the air was not humidified before sending to the filter, which has direct relation with the MC of the filter material. The RE recovered to 66% with recovery of moisture content (MC) to 57% upon subsequent re-introduction of the humidifier in to the circuit. The pH has dropped from 7.8 to 4.8 during the course of operation of the filter. H2S was effectively removed under different operating conditions using mixed agricultural residue as filter material. However humidification was most essential to maintain the required moisture content in the biofilter. SEM analysis has shown the good growth of Thiobacillus sp. in the filter bed and hence the new material proved to be good support for the immobilization of Thiobacillus sp. Copyright © 2009 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.
Air quality assessment of Dhanbad District, India - A case study
(2010) Anantharamu, A.; Singh, G.; Venkat Reddy, D.
Ambient air pollution status in Dhanbad district is studied and presented in this article. The selection of Dhanbad is made considering its importance and the nature of activities taking place around the district. For the assessment of ambient air quality in Dhanbad, the following five locations were chosen: Main Gate of Indian School of Mines(ISM), Dhanbad: It is a site representing purely commercial activities and road traffic. Bankmore: It is one of the busiest marketing centres of the district and is surrounded by residential areas. All the vehicles going to Bokaro pass by this place and thus the traffic density is pretty high. Kusunda: It is a place 10.9 kilometres from Dhanbad Railway Station. It is just beside one of the coal mines, hence, all vehicles going to the mine passes through this place. Steel Gate: It consists of a small market. Trucks and other heavy vehicle are more frequent during night as this road connects to a highway. ISM Admin Block: It can be considered as a sensitive area since it is a very calm place where the usage of vehicles is minimum throughout the day. Monitoring of ambient air quality is done following the standard procedure prescribed in IS: 5182. In addition, the concentration of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese and iron metals in SPM is also monitored. The ambient air quality assessment was done in the month of June, 2009. The concentration of SPM was higher than the permissible limit in three locations namely ISM Main Gate, Bankmore and Steel Gate, while it was less than the permissible limit in other two locations, ISM Admin Block and Kusunda. Since the generation of SPM was mainly due to vehicular traffic it was expected to cross the limit in the above mentioned three locations as density of vehicular movement is very high. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.
Optimization of two step karanja biodiesel synthesis under microwave irradiation
(2011) Venkatesh Kamath, H.; Iyyaswami, I.; Saidutta, M.B.
The free fatty acid of crude karanja oil (Pongamia pinnata) was reduced and biodiesel was synthesized from pretreated oil under microwave irradiation. The process variables such as irradiation time, methanol-oil ratio and sulfuric acid concentration for pretreatment step; irradiation time, methanol-oil ratio and KOH concentration were optimized through the Box-Behnken experimental design. The free fatty acid of crude karanja oil was reduced to 1.11 ± 0.07% with an optimal combination of 190 s irradiation time (180 W), 33.83 (w/w)% methanol-oil ratio and 3.73 (w/w)% sulfuric acid concentration. An optimal combination of 150 s irradiation time, 33.4 (w/w)% methanol-oil ratio and 1.33 (w/w)% KOH concentration yielded 89.9 ± 0.3% biodiesel. The model was validated by conducting experiments at optimal design conditions. The present work confirmed that the microwave energy has a significant effect on esterification and transesterification reaction. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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