Faculty Publications
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Item Solar Distillation and Water Heating Systems Integration with Photovoltaic Technology(Springer, 2024) Dev, R.; Kashyap, Y.; Tewari, K.; Pal, P.Solar energy is a renewable source with three major applications: photovoltaics (PV), thermal, and daylight. A photovoltaic cell has a conversion efficiency of around 16–35%, depending upon its fabrication technology. Hence, it is observed that ~65–84% of incident solar radiation is lost as thermal energy to the surroundings. At the same time, solar thermal has vast applications, e.g., solar water heating, solar greenhouse drying, solar greenhouse crop cultivation, solar distillation, solar aquaculture, etc. Solar thermal applications have a thermal efficiency of around 20–45% depending upon fabrication materials, design, operating, and weather conditions. Integrating photovoltaic and thermal applications proved advantageous over their application with better overall efficiency. Over the years, many researchers have developed various concepts integrating these technologies to get more output, cost, and land use benefits. This chapter elaborates on different ‘PV-integrated solar distillation systems’ and ‘PV-integrated solar water heating systems’ with working principles and performances. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Development of Powerhouse Using Fresnel lens(EDP Sciences edps@edpsciences.com, 2018) Al-Dohani, N.S.; Nayak, S.N.; Anarghya, A.; Abhishek, V.N.Solar energy is an alternative source of renewable energy. Sultanate of Oman government showed initiation on utilization of solar energy for domestic and industrial applications. Fresnel lens is one of the methods to collect maximum energy by gathering heat of the sun in the concentrated form (using solar collectors). Earlier research work discloses that Fresnel lens gave better result in terms of power output and produces lower heat loss as compared to linear -parabolic solar collectors. In this work, development of a proto Fresnel lens power house was made to generate electricity. The focused heat from Fresnel lens was used to heat the molten salt in a heat exchanger to produce the steam. The generated steam was used to rotate the steam engine coupled to a generator. In the current work, a maximum power of 30 W was produced. In addition, comparative study was carried out regarding solar salts and heat exchanger materials to understand the Fresnel powerhouse performance. Overall the present study gave valuable information regarding usage of Fresnel lens for electricity generation in Oman. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.Item FPGA-Based Implementation of Backstepping Controller for Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Interfacing Solar Photovoltaic System to Distribution Grid(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Jayasankar, V.N.; Vinatha Urundady, U.The design and implementation of a controller for a solar photovoltaic system interfacing to the grid with shunt active power filter functionality are discussed in this paper. An inner harmonic current compensation loop and an outer dc voltage control loop constituted the control system. The inner loop is realized using a self-tuning filter (STF) based on instantaneous power theory, and the outer loop is realized using backstepping algorithm. The control algorithm is simulated under dynamic system conditions namely change in solar irradiation and change in load, in Matlab/Simulink environment. To ensure the effectiveness of the controller in mitigating the harmonic currents and interfacing solar PV system with distribution grid for real power exchange, the control algorithm is tested under steady-state and dynamic conditions and validated with the simulation results. The control algorithm is then implemented using a single all on-chip FPGA. Hardware co-simulation is carried out with the control system implemented in FPGA, and shunt active filter power circuit simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The hardware co-simulation results obtained are matching with the Matlab simulation results under dynamic system conditions and the controller design using FPGA is validated. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Renewable Power Integration for Electric Vehicle Charging System: A Review(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Nirala, P.K.; Barik, A.K.; Bhushan, R.; Jagtap, K.M.; Raushan, R.This review paper accentuates on the conceivable integration of renewable based generations to the charging stations of Electric Vehicles (EVs) towards restraining the carbon emissions. The intensifying global demand for EVs in recent days puts stress on conventional grid with existing infrastructure, which could be relaxed by integration of renewable based power generations with ecological balance. The importance and feasibility of renewable integrations to charge the EVs are reviewed in this paper and suitable applications are reported to develop charging infrastructures for EVs. The importance of vehicle to grid (V2G) concept is also reviewed to facilitate ancillary support to future grid integrated with renewables. © 2025 IEEE.Item Enhancing High-Frequency PV Power Forecast Using Optimal Hyperparameter Setting in LSTM(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kumar, A.; Kashyap, Y.; Nasar, R.Solar energy plays a significant role in the world’s shift to renewable and sustainable energy. So, accurate forecasting techniques are essential for effective grid management and smooth integration into current energy infrastructures. Traditional solar forecasting approaches often encounter limitations in capturing the complex and nonlinear relationships inherent in solar power generation patterns. In response to these challenges, the present paper demonstrates the forecast analysis of high-frequency (HF) PV power components, which is obtained with the decomposition of actual PV power data. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of high-frequency PV power components as they exhibit high fluctuation. To capture this high fluctuation feature present in PV power, a moving average filter is applied to smooth the input data and potentially enhance the 60 min ahead forecasting performance using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The best-performing LSTM model has secured MAE= 1.114 % and RMSE = 2.608 % for 60 min ahead forecast. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Effect of cover materials on heat and mass transfer coefficients in a plastic solar still(Taylor and Francis Inc. dwt@deswater.com, 2009) Phadatare, M.K.; Verma, S.K.The intention of this work was to study the effect of cover materials on heat and mass transfer coefficient and hence productivity of the still. Two plastic stills having similar geometrical features were constructed to maintain the comparison under the same weather conditions. The condensing surface of one still was an acrylic (plastic) cover (3 mm thick) while of the other still it was a glass cover (3 mm thick), both fixed in an aluminum frame. It was found that for water depth of 10 cm the plastic solar still with the glass cover produced 30-35% more output than the plastic solar still with Plexiglas cover. The evaporative heat transfer coefficient for the glass cover still was 57% more than that for the still with the plastic cover which resulted in a higher output. Plastic can be used as the structural material for solar stills but increased costs do not always increase the distillate output, © 2009 Desalination Publications.Item Case study of a hybrid (Wind and solar) power plant(2011) Jaralikar, S.M.; Mangalpady, M.The paper highlights the urgency of utilizing and promoting use of non conventional sources, particularly the wind and solar energy, so as to control the environmental pollution, such as ozone layer depletion, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, global warming etc. As a case study, the various performance factors of a 10 kW hybrid (wind and solar) power plant, which is having 60:40 power generation share of wind power to solar power were analysed. The study shows that there is mismatch between the designed and actual plant load factor (PLF), as well as the power generation share of the wind and solar power plant. It was also found that the plant utilization factor (PUF) was poor and that there is very less scope for installation of solar tracking system. Based on the detailed analysis of obtained results, certain recommendations were made for streamlining and optimizing the power generation capacity, and also for better utilization of generated power.Item The LEO Archipelago: A system of earth-rings for communications, mass-transport to space, solar power, and control of global warming(2011) Meulenberg, A.; Karthik Balaji, P.S.Mans quest to get into space is hindered by major problems (e.g., system-development and capital costs, expense of putting mass into orbit, trapped-radiation belts, and environmental impact of a large increase in rocket launches). A multi-purpose low-earth-orbit system of rings circling the earth the LEO ARCHIPELAGOTM is proposed as a means of solving or bypassing many of them. A fiber-optic ring about the earth would be an initial testing and developmental stage for the Ring Systems, while providing cash-flow through a LEO-based, high-band-width, world-wide communication system. A low-earth-orbit-based space-elevator system, Sling-on-a-RingTM, is proposed as the crucial developmental stage of the LEO Archipelago. Being a LEO-based heavy-mass lifter, rather than earth- or GEO-based, it is much less massive and therefore less costly than other proposed space-elevators. With the advent of lower-cost, higher-mass transport to orbit, the options for further space development (e.g., space solar power, radiation, and space-debris dampers, sun shades, and permanent LEO habitation) are greatly expanded. This paper provides an update of the Sling-on-a-Ring concept in terms of new materials, potential applications, and trade-offs associated with an earlier model. The impact of Colossal Carbon Tubes, CCT, a new material with high tensile strength, extremely-low density, and other favorable properties, and other new technologies (e.g., solar-powered lasers, power beaming to near-space and earth, and thermal-control systems) on the development of associated LEO-Ring systems is also explored. The materials effect on the timeline for the system development indicates the feasibility of near-term implementation of the system (possibly within the decade). The Sling-on-a-Ring can provide a less-expensive, environment-friendly mode of access to space. This would pave the way (via eventual operation at >1000 t per day by 2050) for large scale development of space-based technologies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Solar Load Voltage Tracking for Water Pumping: An Algorithm(Springer India sanjiv.goswami@springer.co.in, 2015) Kappali, M.; Udayakumar, R.Y.Maximum power is to be harnessed from solar photovoltaic (PV) panel to minimize the effective cost of solar energy. This is accomplished by maximum power point tracking (MPPT). There are different methods to realise MPPT. This paper proposes a simple algorithm to implement MPPTlv method in a closed loop environment for centrifugal pump driven by brushed PMDC motor. Simulation testing of the algorithm is done and the results are found to be encouraging and supportive of the proposed method MPPTlv. © 2014, The Institution of Engineers (India).Item Solar light mediated photocatalytic degradation of phenol using Ag core - TiO2 shell (Ag@TiO2) nanoparticles in batch and fluidized bed reactor(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Shet, A.; Shetty K, K.V.Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesised using one pot method followed by calcination at 450 °C for 3 h and were tested for their photocatalytic efficacy in degradation of phenol both in free and immobilized form under solar light irradiation through batch experiments. Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be effective in solar photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The effect of factors such as pH, initial phenol concentration and catalyst loading on phenol degradation were evaluated and these factors were found to influence the process efficiency. The optimum values of these factors were determined to maximize the phenol degradation. The efficacy of nanoparticles immobilized on cellulose acetate film was inferior to that of free nanoparticles in solar photocatalysis due to light penetration problem and diffusional limitations. The performance of fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor operated under batch with recycle mode for solar photocatalysis of phenol with immobilized Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles was evaluated for large scale application. The performance was found to be dependent on catalyst loading and the optimum is governed by active catalyst sites and light penetration limitations. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol by Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles was only marginally influenced by the presence of small traces of chloride ions. Ag@TiO2 showed a better efficacy as solar photocatalyst than as UV photocatalyst in degradation of phenol. Solar light irradiation is recommended because solar energy, a readily available form of energy can be effectively harnessed for energy efficient, environment friendly and cost effective process. The kinetics of degradation of phenol was found to follow the nth order kinetics with order, n = 2.19 for solar photocatalysis. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.