Faculty Publications
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Item Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement in Radial Distribution Networks Using Integer Linear Programming(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Tangi, S.; Gaonkar, D.N.The traditional passive distribution networks are evolving into active distribution networks with the integration of dispersed generation (DG) to distribution networks. The conventional network monitoring systems do not monitor and provide the information accurately at a faster rate due to the intermittency nature of sources such as wind and solar. Hence, a real-time accurate and faster monitoring equipment like phasor measurement unit (PMU) is needed. The focal objective of this work is to bring the power distribution network more closely aligned with the smart grid communication technology for better system monitoring conditions. This paper presents the deployment of PMU optimal allocation in the radial distribution network by adopting an integer linear programming (ILP) technique for the system’s full observability at a standard operating condition. Standard radial test feeders such as 12-bus, 15-bus, 28-bus, IEEE 33-bus, IEEE 69-bus, and 119-bus are chosen to study the effect of PMU placement problem. MATLAB programming is used as a simulation software to check the observability of the above test systems. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item On-board Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) integrator for power transaction in smart grid environment(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014) Koduri, N.; Hampannavar, S.; Yaragatti, R.Y.The growing oil demands and the economic concerns have inspired the governments, car manufactures and the environmentalist to promote the manufacturing of Electrical Vehicles (EV). With developments in the power grid and advancements in the vehicle technology the EVs can contribute to the grid by selling or buying power from the grid. For the effective and efficient use of the V2G there is a major scope to develop the V2G integrators like On-Board and Off-Board. In this paper the On-Board V2G integrator is proposed and is modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The conversion efficiency of 90% is obtained and the benefits of V2G are listed. © 2014 IEEE.Item Online volt/var control in a smart grid with multiple distributed generation systems(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Raghavendra, P.; Gaonkar, D.N.The higher shares of distributed generation (DG) sources lead to unpredictable rise in voltage level due to intermittent and stochastic characteristics of DGs. This paper intends to report the online Volt/Var control in a smart grid with multiple DG systems. The objective of Volt/Var control is to recover the network voltages within the admissible limits by coordinating the operation of the DG and the OLTC transformer. Firstly, voltage profile of the system is estimated by remote terminal units (RTUs) placed only at DG node. Next, a direct voltage sensitivity based method is developed to choose best DG for reactive power injection in multiple DG environments. Finally, OLTC transformer is employed in voltage regulation process when DGs reactive power is insufficient for maintaining the voltages within predefined limits. The reported method tested on 12-bus radial distribution network to validate the theory. The reported simulation results show that the presented method effectively maintains network voltages within admissible limits. © 2016 IEEE.Item Online voltage estimation and control for smart distribution networks(2016) Raghavendra, P.; Gaonkar, D.N.The increasing deployment of Distributed Generation (DG) technologies introduces power quality challenges to the grid, in particular steady state voltage rise at the connection point forDGunits. In most distribution networks, control and monitoring of grid parameters is missing, as well as system security is at risk. Smart grid technologies have the capability to realize the real-time measurements and on-load voltage controls. With the steady implementation of smart grid technologies throughout the existing distribution networks, the online voltage control can be achieved ensuring the power quality and voltage levels within the statutory limits. This study presents a methodology for the estimation of voltage profile in a smart distribution network with DG for the online voltage control, taking into account different line X/R ratios and laterals. This method is based on maximum and minimum voltage estimation by remote terminal units (RTUs) placed only at DG connected bus and at capacitor connected bus. Voltage regulation is carried out based on RTUs estimated values. This work is tested on two radial distribution networks with/without DGs and laterals. Comparative results for voltage magnitudes estimated with different methodology are presented. The reported simulation results show that the method presented is capable of estimating the voltage profile along the distribution network with DGs for the online voltage control, considering different line X/R ratios and laterals. © The Author(s) 2016.Item Development of wide area monitoring system for smart grid application(IOS Press BV, 2022) Malik, H.; Ahmad, M.W.; Alotaibi, M.A.; Almutairi, A.PMU can directly measure positive sequence voltage, phase and system frequency. In this paper, the design and implementation for optimum placement of PMU in power system network (PSN) has been performed using 5 different intelligent approaches at an emulation platform. Different case studies based on IEEE 7, 14 and 30 bus system have been performed and analyzed. In the studies, PMU device is used for the measurement of voltage and current magnitude as well as its phase and its performance has been compared with measured real signals of PSN. PMU measurement gives the accurate results and reliability to PSN. But PMUs are not economical, so PSN operator needs to install a minimum number of PMU in PSN so that system should be fully observable in a real-Time scenario. In this paper for optimal placement of PMU, five different intelligent methods have been analyzed for three different bus systems and obtained results are compared. For the further validation of selected PMUs for the PSN, a state estimation using WLS algorithm has been performed using conventional data and PMU data on IEEE14 and IEEE30 bus systems. The obtained results for voltage estimation error and phase estimation error with and without PMU data are compared. © 2022-IOS Press. All rights reserved.Item Voltage Profile Analysis in Smart Grids Using Online Estimation Algorithm(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Raghavendra, P.; Nuvvula, R.S.S.; P Kumar, P.P.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Sathoshakumar, A.; Khan, B.Voltage rise is the main obstacle to prevent the increase of distributed generators (DGs) in low-voltage (LV) distribution grids. In order to maintain the power quality and voltage levels within the tolerance limit, new measurement techniques and intelligent devices along with digital communications should be used for better utilization of the distribution grid. This paper presents a real-time sensor-based online voltage profile estimation technique and coordinated Volt/VAR control in smart grids with distributed generator interconnection. An algorithm is developed for voltage profile estimation using real-time sensor remote terminal unit (RTU) which takes into account topological characteristics, such as radial structure and high R/X ratio, of the smart distribution grid with DG systems. A coordinated operation of multiple generators with on-load tap changing (OLTC) transformer for Volt/VAR control in smart grids has been presented. Direct voltage sensitivity analysis is used to select a single DG system for reactive power support in multi-DG environment. The on-load tap changing transformer is employed for voltage regulation when generators' reactive power contributions are not enough to regulate the voltages. Simulation results show that the reported method is capable of maintaining voltage levels within the tolerance limit by coordinated operation of DG systems and on-load tap changing transformer. © 2022 P. Raghavendra et al.Item Fog Assisted Personalized Dynamic Pricing for Smartgrid(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Joseph, C.T.; Martin, J.P.; Chandrasekaran, K.; Raja, S.P.Unit electricity pricing is of vital importance in an electric grid network. It is essential to charge the customers in a fair manner. Traditional pricing models are found to be inadequate in the ability to charge customers fairly due to a lack of support for real-time communication between customers and electricity providers. With the introduction of smart devices in the electric grid domain, the real-time gathering of information is a seamless process. Such an electric network that uses smart devices is called a smart grid. In a smart grid network, electricity providers can monitor the electricity usage pattern of customers in a real-time manner, which can then be analyzed to determine the appropriate prices. To analyze the customer's history of usage and price the electricity in a real-time manner, the computation must be performed with minimal latencies. Adoption of a fog computing layer in the smart grids can aid in the attainment of this goal. In this article, we propose a novel method for the pricing of electricity. In our approach, the electric demand of a household is predicted based on their past usage patterns. Users are then clustered into different bins based on their demands, and an evolutionary algorithm is used to generate the prices for the users present in different bins in a real-time manner to ensure the maximum attainable profit to a service provider. © 2014 IEEE.