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Item For successful modelling of the solidification process, a reliable heat transfer boundary condition data is required. These boundary conditions are significantly influenced by the casting and mould parameters. In the present work, the effect of sodium modification melt treatment on casting/chill interfacial heat transfer during upward solidification of an Al-13% Si alloy against metallic chills is investigated using thermal analysis and inverse modelling techniques. In the presence of chills, modification melt treatment resulted in an increase in the cooling rate of the solidifying casting near the casting/chill interfacial region. The corresponding interfacial heat flux transients and electrical conductivities are also found to be higher. This is attributed to (i) improvement in the casting/chill interfacial thermal contact condition brought about by the decrease in the surface tension of the liquid metal on addition of sodium and (ii) increase in the electronic heat conduction in the initial solidified shell due to change in the morphology of silicon from a acicular type to a fine fibrous structure and increase in the ratio of the modification rating to the secondary dendrite arm spacing. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.(Elsevier BV, Effect of modification melt treatment on casting/chill interfacial heat transfer and electrical conductivity of Al-13% Si alloy) Prabhu, K.; Ravishankar, B.N.2003Item Influence of rotational speed of centrifugal casting process on appearance, microstructure, and sliding wear behaviour of Al-2Si cast alloy(Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, 2010) Mukunda, P.G.; Rao, S.; Rao, S.S.Although the manner in which the molten metal flows plays a major role in the formation of the uniform cylinder in centrifugal casting, not much information is available on this topic. The flow in the molten metal differs at various rotational speeds, which in turn affects the final casting. In this paper, the influence of the flow of molten metal of hyper eutectic Al-2Si alloys at various rotational speeds is discussed. At an optimum speed of 800 rpm, a uniform cylinder was formed. For the rotational speeds below and above these speeds, an irregular shaped casting was formed, which is mainly due to the influence of melt. Primary á-Al particles were formed in the tube periphery at low rotational speed, and their sizes and shapes were altered with changes in rotational speeds. The wear test for the inner surface of the casting showed better wear properties for the casting prepared at the optimum speed of rotation. © KIM and Springer.Item Heat flux transients and casting surface macro-profile during downward solidification of Al-12% Si alloy against chills(American Foundry Society, 2011) Prabhu, K.N.; Sharath, K.; Ramesh, G.Heat flux transients were estimated during downward solidificationofAl- 12%Sialloy(A413)againstaluminumand graphite chills. The thermal plot of graphite chill indicated one-dimensional heat flow in the initial stages which then changes to two-dimensional heat transfer. The heat transfer becomes one-dimensional again during the final stages of solidification. In aluminum chill, heat flow was nearly one- dimensional. Experiments were designed to verify whether the peak heat flux is an artifact of the experiment. The results clearly showed that the occurrence of the peak in the heat flux transients is not an artifact of the inverse model or the experimental technique. The macro-profile of the casting surface in contact with the chill revealed the occurrence of crests and troughs. A mechanism based on the convection within the liquid metal below the solid shell was proposed to account for the formation of wavy casting surface. Copyright © 2011 American Foundry Society.Item Effect of modification melt treatment and chilling on eutectic arrest temperature and time during solidification of A357 alloy(2011) Prabhu, K.N.; Hegde, S.Thermal analysis technique has been recognised as an efficient non-destructive tool to assess the degree of modification in Al-Si alloys. Apart from chemical modification, chilling refines the microstructure. This is particularly significant as majority of Al-Si alloys are cast in metallic moulds. In the present study, the interaction between chilling and modification melt treatment is investigated to assess their effect on thermal analysis parameters using computer aided cooling curve analysis. For modified alloys, the depression of the eutectic arrest temperature was significant at higher cooling rates. The eutectic arrest temperature and time were correlated with the cooling rate using a power law. High cooling regime in thermal analysis plots was attributed to the combined effect of chilling and modification melt treatment on heat transfer. © 2011 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.Item Heat transfer during solidification of chemically modified Al-Si alloys around a copper chill(2011) Prabhu, K.N.; Hegde, S.The solidifying metal/chill contour will significantly affect the boundary heat transfer coefficients, and solidification modellers should be aware of the casting conditions for which the heat transfer coefficients are determined. The previous work carried out on solidification of Al-Si alloys in a metallic mould and solidification against bottom/top chills has shown that modification and chilling have synergetic effect resulting in a significant increase in the heat flux transients at the casting/chill interface. In the present work, the heat transfer during solidification of unmodified and chemically modified Al-Si alloys around a cylindrical copper chill was investigated. Heat flux transients were estimated using lumped heat capacitance method. Lower peak heat flux was obtained with chemically modified alloy. This is in contrast to the results reported for alloys solidifying against chills and in metallic moulds. The chill thermal behaviour and heat transfer to the chill material when surrounded by modified and unmodified alloys were explained on the basis of the decrease in the degree of undercooling in the case of modified alloy as compared to unmodified alloy and the change in contact condition and shrinkage characteristics of the alloy due to the addition of chemical modifiers. © 2011 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining.Item Machining characteristics of multiwall-CNT reinforced Al/Al-Si composites using recurrence quantification analysis(2011) Gangadharan, K.V.; Umashankar, K.S.; Ravish; Desai, V.Aluminium (Al)/Aluminium alloy composites are emerging as very promising materials, especially in the fields of aerospace and automotive for their various attractive and technically demanding properties. Discontinuously reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites with reinforcements as nanoparticles of ceramics in general and carbon nanotubes in particular have emerged as the forerunner for a variety of general and special engineering and structural applications. In many of the fields where these materials find applications, machining is invariably required for getting correct geometries, dimensions and surface finish of the components. Hence, establishing the machining characteristics of these materials in terms of the deterministic nature of dynamic signals such as cutting force signals and vibration signals is very important and sought after. Machining process has been understood to be nonlinear and chaotic in nature. In this paper a relatively new technique called Recurrence Plots (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA), a tool to analyse nonlinear and chaotic systems, is used to study the machining characteristics of cast and powder metallurgy Al and Al-Si alloys (LM6 and LM25), CNT reinforced Al/Al-Si composites produced by powder metallurgy route. Cutting force signals were sensed, acquired and analysed using RQA technique. Determinism (DET), which is one of the variables of RQA, indicates the determinism present in a signal. The values of DET were used to compare the machining characteristics. For all the three materials the deterministic nature of the cutting force signal was highest when reinforced with 0.5 weight percentage CNT, followed by respective base alloys produced by powder metallurgy method and casting route. © 2011 Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering.Item Effect of chemical modification of Al-Si alloys on thermal diffusivity and contact heat transfer at the casting-chill interface(2012) Prabhu, K.N.; Jayananda; Hegde, S.The heat flow during the unidirectional downward solidification of Al-7Si and Al-12Si alloys was analyzed using thermal analysis technique and inverse modeling. Chills instrumented with thermocouples were brought into contact with a small pool of liquid metal so as to minimize the effect of convection caused by pouring and temperature gradients. Modification melt treatment resulted in an increase in the cooling rate of the solidifying casting near the casting-chill interfacial region. The corresponding interfacial heat flux transients were also found to be higher. The thermal diffusivities of alloys were measured using a laser pulse technique and were found to be higher for modified alloys. However, the increase in the heat flux transients was attributed mainly to the improvement in the casting-chill interfacial thermal contact condition brought about by the decrease in the surface tension of the liquid metal upon the addition of sodium. Copyright © 2012 by ASTM International.Item The effect of the addition of strontium and cerium modifiers on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si (LM30) alloy(ASTM International, 2013) Vijayan, V.; Ravi, M.; Prabhu, K.The present work deals with the melt treatment of LM30 hypereutectic Al-Si alloy using cerium and strontium and the assessment of its effect on microstructure and properties of the alloy. The addition of cerium simultaneously modified both primary and eutectic silicon, leading to an increase in ultimate tensile strength, as well as the wear resistance of the alloy. It was found that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy decreased on modification of the microstructure. © 2013 by ASTM International.Item Effect of chilling and cerium addition on microstructure and cooling curve parameters of Al-14%Si alloy(Maney Publishing maney@maney.co.uk, 2015) Vijayan, V.; Prabhu, K.Al-14%Si alloys, with and without cerium, were cast at varying cooling rates by solidifying them in a crucible and against chills. The effect of melt treatment and chilling on microstructure and cooling curve parameters of the alloy was assessed. Ce treated alloys solidified in clay graphite crucible at a slow cooling rate showed refinement of primary silicon and the formation of Al-Si-Ce ternary intermetallic compound. The addition of Ce to the alloy solidified against chills resulted in simultaneous refinement and modification of primary and eutectic silicon. Nucleation temperatures of both primary and eutectic silicon decreased on addition of cerium. The formation of the intermetallic compound decreased with increase in cooling rate, leading to the modification of the eutectic silicon. The increase in the degree of modification of the eutectic Si was associated with the decrease in the volume fraction of the intermetallic compound formed. © 2015 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Published by Maney on behalf of the Institute.Item The influence of the addition of 4.5 wt.% of copper on wear properties of Al-12Si eutectic alloy(Hashemite University huniv@hu.edu.jo, 2015) Channappagoudar, S.; Kiran Aithal, K.; Sannayallappa, N.; Desai, V.; Mukunda, P.G.The influence of 4.5 wt.% copper addition on wear behavior of as-cast Al-12Si alloy prepared by gravity casting is investigated in dry sliding against a steel counterface using a pin-on-disk apparatus. The microstructures of test alloys and worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersing X-ray spectroscopy. The addition of copper to the binary Al-12Si alloy led to the precipitation of CuAl2 phase. Copper addition resulted in a refinement of ?-Al and a minor modification of eutectic Si. The Al-12Si-4.5Cu alloy showed a higher wear resistance as compared to Al-12Si binary eutectic alloy. © 2015 Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved.