Faculty Publications
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Item An FPGA based embedded sytems for online monitoring and power management in a standalone micro-grid(wiley, 2022) Dastagiri Reddy, B.D.; Venkatraman, K.; Selvan, M.P.; Sridharan, S.The amalgamation of numerous renewable sources to fulfill the energy demands of the consumers in distant areas with better reliability is a significant challenge because of unpredictable and fluctuating nature of renewable sources. Hence, An effective micro-grid control is required to accomplish the power balance among the load demand and generated power. In this work, A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based embedded system for online monitoring and power management is proposed for a standalone micro-grid. The developed standalone micro-grid consists of wind energy and solar energy as renewable sources, Diesel generator as a backup supply, And battery bank as storage unit. An algorithm is developed using two Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controllers namely source FPGA controller and load FPGA controller implemented as an embedded system connected through an Ethernet interface with separate source control and load control features. The load FPGA controller provides load management (connecting/ disconnecting non-critical loads) based on the available power and load demand. The source FPGA controller provides source management by controlling the renewable energy sources and dump load. Finally, To monitor the electrical parameters and statuses of various energy sources (wind and solar), Loads (critical and noncritical loads) and storage unit (battery bank) an online monitoring system is developed without the need of a dedicated personal computer. This work has been developed in such a way that it is replicable on the large scale in the field. © 2022 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.Item Biofuel Production, Performance, and Emission Optimization A Comprehensive Approach to Modelling and Optimization(Springer, 2025) Gowdru Chandrashekarappa, P.G.C.; Ajith, B.S.; Jagadish; Shettigar, A.K.; Samuel, O.D.This book explores the urgent quest for sustainable energy solutions by examining potential renewable energy sources that meet global demands. As fossil fuels deplete at an alarming rate, this book addresses the critical challenges in selecting sustainable feedstocks and optimizing processes for industrial-scale biodiesel production. With a focus on Garcinia-gummi-gutta seeds as a promising feedstock, the book provides a detailed analysis of oil extraction, biofuel conversion, and the practical application of biodiesel in diesel engines. Key concepts explored include selecting and optimizing transesterification variables, engine performance, and emission characteristics. The authors employ cutting-edge tools such as statistical design of experiments and artificial intelligence to offer insights into biodiesel production’s physics, kinetics, and mechanics. Readers will discover experimental results, intelligent modeling techniques, and optimization strategies that enhance biodiesel yield and engine efficiency while minimizing emissions. This resource is designed for engineers and researchers in renewable energy and biofuel production. It offers a systematic framework from feedstock selection to engine optimization, making it invaluable for those seeking to advance their knowledge in sustainable energy solutions. Whether you’re a novice or a seasoned professional, this book provides the tools and insights needed to drive innovation in biodiesel production at an industrial scale. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Item Development of a chassis mounted multi stage axial flow turbine for wind energy harvesting on a cruising transport vehicle - A CFD based approach(American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Thamban, A.; Ahmed, A.; Upadhyay, M.; Mahalingam, A.Fossil fuels have been a means of energy source since a long time, and have tended to the needs of the large global population. These conventional sources are bound to deplete in the near future and hence there is a need for producing energy from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, tidal etc. Technologies involving renewable energy are a growing subject of concern. Further, the problem is also one of excessive pollution caused by conventional sources of energy and their impact on the environment. In particular, one of the main sources of pollution is harmful gases emitting out of automobiles. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which is implemented in large scale energy production to supplement growing domestic energy needs. Significant amount of research has been done in this field to harness energy to power household and other amenities using wind farms. The aim of this project is to come up with a low cost solution for wind energy harvesting on moving vehicles. The purpose of this study is to consider the use of wind energy along with conventional energy sources to power automobiles. This would help reduce the use of fossil fuels in automobiles and hence reduce the resulting environmental pollution. Also since the turbine adds to the weight of the vehicle the aim also is to minimize the weight of the turbine. Extensive structural analysis is done for this purpose to choose a material which would be both light weight and also be able to withstand the stresses developed. In the current paper the drag force produced in automobiles is harvested by using a convergent divergent nozzle mounted below the chassis of the car. Initially drag analysis is done in order to determine the increase in drag force produced after mounting of the nozzle. It is found from existing literature that the drag increases by 3.4% after the mounting of the nozzle making it possible the mounting of a nozzle beneath the car. Additionally exhaust gases is also allowed to pass through the same duct to increase the mass flow to the turbine and thus generate more energy. This is made to strike the blades of a 2 stage axial flow turbine whose rotation generates energy. The power output from the turbine is the parameter of interest. This energy can also be stored in batteries and be used to run auxiliary equipment of the automobile including the air conditioner. The exhaust gases will be passed through a catalytic converter before striking the blades of the turbine in order to prevent corrosion of the blades. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to validate the concept and also come up with a design that maximizes energy generation by such turbines. Numerical results obtained by simulation are validated by theoretical calculation based on turbines inlet and outlet velocity triangles. The future scope of the project would include the use of multiple nozzles in order to study its performance. © Copyright 2016 by ASME.Item Highway mounted horizontal axial flow turbines for wind energy harvesting from cruising vehicles(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Thamban, A.; Bhai, S.P.M.; Ahmed, A.; Upadhyay, M.; Joishy, A.; Mahalingam, A.Renewable energy technologies are a growing subject of concern these days. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which has been implemented in a large scale for energy production. A large amount of capital has been invested in this field to harness energy and power homes. Wind energy from highways is usually unused and can provide a considerable amount of wind energy to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic and the speed of the vehicles. Extensive research on wind patterns is required to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. The objective of this work is to design and analyze a horizontal axis wind turbine to capture wind energy from moving vehicles on the highway. A computational fluid dynamics approach is used to solve this problem. The major innovation in this paper is that wind energy is being harvested in a very unique manner and also turbine power calculations have been done to quantify the amount of energy being harvested. Although a few of the literatures have discussed similar ideas power quantification has never been done. Also the entire mechanism has been simulated in MATLAB to find out the number of cars required to charge a battery which is very unique to this paper. Power calculations have been done for the turbine and validated against theoretical calculations which were done using the concept of velocity triangles. The idea is to have a separate mounting for cars and heavy vehicles which can be realized by having separate lanes on highways. The analysis will be done for vehicles moving in a range of speeds on the highway. The wind turbines will be placed on overhead shafts (the height of which is be determined suitably) thereby capturing the wind generated as a result of pressure difference. The mounts can also be used as signboards for vehicles moving on the highway and hence serve a dual purpose. In addition, extensive structural and fatigue analysis will be done for the turbines and the mounting structures in order to determine a suitable material for the turbine as well as the mounts to withstand the forces generated. Using all of the collected energy, existing amenities such as street lights on the medians can be powered by these wind turbines. Thus the main objective of this work is to complement the conventional electrical energy used for powering amenities along highways by a renewable source of energy (wind power) thereby leading to the concept of sustainable highways. © © 2016 by ASME.Item Chassis mounted single stage impulse turbine for wind energy harvesting on a cruising transport vehicle(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Thamban, A.; Ahmed, A.; Arun, M.Fossil fuels have been a means of energy source since a long time, and have tended to the needs of the large global population. These conventional sources are bound to deplete in the near future and hence there is a need for producing energy from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, tidal etc. Technologies involving renewable energy are a growing subject of concern. The problem is the excessive pollution caused by conventional sources of energy and their impact on the environment. In particular, one of the main sources of pollution is harmful gases emitting out of automobiles. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which is implemented in large scale energy production. A large amount of research has been done in this field to harness energy and power houses and other amenities are nearby wind farms. The purpose of this study is to consider the use of wind energy along with conventional energy sources to power automobiles. Specifically the concept of an impulse turbine mounted on the chassis of a typical vehicle structure is considered. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to validate the concept and also come up with a design that maximizes energy generation by such turbines. © 2015 IEEE.Item Energy Harvesting from Vortex Induced Vibrations Using Vented Cylinders Mounted on Light Rail Locomotive(IEEE Computer Society help@computer.org, 2016) Kumar, K.R.; Morab, S.; Shekar, S.; Mahalingam, A.Majority of the population is dependent on the fossil fuels which are the conventional sources of the energy. Since fossil fuels are non-renewable they are bound to deplete in the near future. Leading edge research on the renewable sources of energy like wind energy, solar energy etc. Is a growing concern which has to replace the conventional energy sources to prevent environmental pollution and global warming. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy which is used for large scale power production using turbines, wind mills and power houses. Harvesting energy from vibrations caused because of alternative vortex shedding due to fluidic flow over a bluff body is under progressive research. The purpose of this study is to harvest wind energy from cross flow vibrations using vented cylinders mounted on the chassis of the train. In this study usage of vented cylinders over a normal baseline cylinder is of major concern to enhance vortex shedding and to extract maximum amount of energy considering a typical single carriage of a train. Using Computational fluid dynamics, Strouhal number is calculated which is validated and further designing a system for harvesting energy from vibrations. © 2016 IEEE.Item Simulation and analysis of energy harvesting from grey water and rain water in high rises(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Kumar, K.R.; Kulgod, S.P.; Anish, A.Leading edge research on the renewable sources of energy is on a rise in order to meet the increasing energy demand. The objective of this project is to harvest potential energy inherent in tall buildings using micro-pelton turbine at the ground from grey water and rain water. Purified water is collected in separate tanks and a control system is designed for optimum power output from the micro-turbine which is analyzed computationally. With the escalating number of high rises and increasing awareness about renewable sources of energy, this source of energy can become a viable alternative. © 2016 IEEE.Item A study on hybrid Renewable Energy Source interface to the non-ideal grid at distribution level with power quality improvements(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Jayasankar, V.N.; Gururaj, M.V.; Vinatha Urundady, U.Air pollution is one of the prominent issues that we are facing nowadays. The major contributor for air pollution is the waste output of power plants which uses fossil fuels to generate power. Urbanization and industrialization have changed the lifestyle of human society and the need for electrical energy has enhanced significantly. As the conventional energy sources are not capable of serving the purpose, the researchers have turned their face towards Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Energy sources are scattered across the globe, therefore the available green energy at the distribution level is also used to generate electricity. The hybrid combination of wind/solar systems has proved to be a reliable source to the utility. For extracting maximum power from the RES, battery bank is connected across it. Due to the problem associated with the chemical batteries the wind/solar hybrid combination is directly connected to the grid. There are many issues related to the interconnection of RES to the grid which are addressed with the growth in power electronics field. However the power quality issue occurs due to the presence of non-linear loads at the point of common coupling. Shunt active filter has proved to mitigate the problems associated with the non-linear loads. Researchers have limited their work to interconnection of RES to ideal grid voltages which is not the practical case. In this paper the wind/solar hybrid system is modeled and is interconnected to the unbalanced and distorted grid. Also, RES interfacing inverter is added with shunt active filter functionality and hence overall cost curtailment of the project can be achieved. © 2016 IEEE.Item Simulation and analysis of energy harvesting from Grey water and rain water in high rises(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Kumar, K.R.; Kulgod, S.P.Majority of the population is dependent on the conventional energy sources for their day today needs. Leading edge research on the renewable sources of energy is on a rise in order to meet the increasing energy demand without straining the environment. The objective of this project is to harvest potential energy inherent in tall buildings because of the high altitudes using micro-pelton turbine at the ground from grey water and rain water. Purified Grey water is collected in a tank placed at the centre of the building and rain water collection tank is placed at the top of the building. A control system is designed for optimum power output from the turbine and to monitor the levels of water. Separation and storage of used rainwater in a tank is also controlled. The pelton turbine is designed and further analyzed in ANSYS - Fluent, computationally for the power output. When number of high rises is escalating and awareness about rainwater harvesting and renewable sources of energy is indispensable, this source of energy will turn out to be viable option. © 2016 IEEE.Item Urbanization Challenges in Emerging Economies(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org, 2017) Mendi, V.; Reddy, N.A.; Lokeshwari, M.; Raghavendra, T.; Seelam, J.K.Tidal inlet is an opening along the coast which facilitates the exchange of water and nutrients. The energy extracted at the tidal inlet using tides is called tidal energy. Tidal energy is reliable and not depleting. Since the density of seawater is 800 times denser than air, the energy extraction is much favorable and reliable resource. Because of the above said advantages, tidal energy production has become an important energy source at global platform. The study area chosen is the Sri Lankan coast. The tidal condition along the Sri Lankan coast is semi diurnal. Identification of the locations for energy extraction is important as the width of the identified inlet at the coast plays an important role in energy extraction. Also, parameters like tidal range, basin area have to be taken into account in order to consider the inlet suitable for energy extraction. In this paper, tidal inlets will be identified along the Sri Lankan coast, the data will be collected for the parameters that are required to consider an inlet for energy extraction and the potential energy that can be extracted at the inlets will be assessed. © 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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