Faculty Publications
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Item An integrated cascode DE power amplifier for RF calibration system towards measurement of bio-sensor applications(John Wiley and Sons Inc. P.O.Box 18667 Newark NJ 07191-8667, 2019) Kumar, R.; Kumar Kanaujia, B.K.; Dwari, S.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.The integrated cascode DE power amplifier for RF calibration system toward measurement of bio-sensor applications is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture includes cascode class-D and class-E amplifier stages that could provide better calibration accuracy in terms of wide bandwidth, power efficiency, high gain, minimum group delay, and lowest calibration system. The achieved high performance of proposed amplifier overcomes conventional measurement issues toward bio-sensor application. The inductive ?-shape matching network drives RF input to class-D stage and provides wide bandwidth of operation. While class-E stage with T-shape matching network maintains stable gain and high efficiency in desired band of operation. The performance of the CMOS proposed amplifier is executed in RF ADS simulator along with fabricated chip using commercial TSMC 65 nm manufacturing process. The simulated and measured data achieves Ku band (12 GHz to 18 GHz) with almost flat gain of 30 dB. The DE amplifier provides an output and saturated power of 17 dBm with highest power efficiency of 45%. The measured calibration factor at maximum resonant frequency of 13.5 GHz achieves best value of less than 2 dB within input power range of ?50 dBm to 0 dBm. The lowest calibration factor provides best accuracy along with the other parameters and could be beneficial toward bio-sensor measurement in the various applications. The calculated area of the fabricated chip is as 0.45*0.45mm2 where class-E consuming area of 38% and class-D of 44%. The fabricated chip consumes less power consumption of 3.2 mW under power supply of 1 V. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item Performance of cascode Class-EF?1 PA with built-in techniques for UWB radar toward monitoring of patient actions(Institution of Engineering and Technology kvukmirovic@theiet.org, 2020) Kumar, R.; Dwari, S.; Kumar Kanaujia, B.K.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.This work proposes a performance of the cascode Class-EF?1 power amplifier (PA) for UWB radar transmitter. The cascode Class-E PA with built-in techniques overcomes the traditional mismatch and provides good performance of PA. Incurs the resonance and switching effect is observed in cascode Class-E PA that compensates for the parasitic effects and provides a wide-impedance range. While design-II includes negative capacitance and inverse Class-F, which achieves a redundant performance of wide bandwidth and power-added efficiency (PAE). Design-II achieves the redundant performance compared with design-I. Both design-I and design-II are implemented and analysed through simulation and experimental results using RF 65 nm Samsung Magnachip Hynix CMOS process. Design-I achieves a wide-impedance bandwidth ranging from 3 to 11.7 GHz with drain efficiency (DE) and maximum PAE of 80 and 73% at the output power of 26.4 dBm. The global efficiency (GE) and error vector magnitude (EVM) of 70 and 5.2% are also achieving for design-I. The redundant performance in design-II achieves wide bandwidth with operating frequency range of 2-13 GHz with maximum DE and PAE of 85 and 76%. For design-II, GE and EVM are investigated as 68 and 4.9% that could validate the accuracy and robustness of the UWB radar. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019Item A robust transmission with enhancement of 5G PHY using FBMC and AMC for machine-to-machine communication node(KeAi Communications Co., 2023) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.Advancement of 5G new radios has enabled more robust communication for the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication node, using filter bank multicarrier (FBMC). This paper focuses on robust transmission over random fluctuations of the channel and also enhances the battery life for the massive machine type communication (mMTC) node. Filter bank multicarrier and Adaptive Modulation Coding (AMC) have been utilized together to enhance the performance of the 5G (NR) PHY layer. A frame-to-frame implementation is used to diminish the impact of fading using AMC, while efficient utilization of spectrum is achieved using FBMC. The selection of the AMC profile is obtained through the analysis of uplink packets using the Distance Statistics (DS). The FBMC is incorporated with 5G PHY in place of OFDM to achieve the optimum utilization of spectrum and also obtain a significant reduction in peak to average power ratio (PAPR) for robust transmission, which saves 10% of the battery requirement. On the basis of channel state information, distance statistics were employed to optimize the AMC. The optimum selection of AMC with FBMC will reduce the bit error rate (BER) against multipath fading and ensure the better utilization of available spectrum to attain the optimum utilization of the power amplifier. © 2023 The AuthorsItem Adaptive DFT-s-OFDM employed novel multi layered scheme for reduction of PAPR for mMTC node in 5G (NR)(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.In 5G New Radio, The DFT-s-OFDM is a promising multiplexing technique for enhancing the average power of subcarriers to reduce the overall peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The peak of subcarrier is too high then the impact of DFT-s-OFDM is quite inferior. An Adaptive DFT-s-OFDM employed multilayered novel mechanism has been proposed in this research article to reduce the PAPR. The extent of sub-band is varied in accordance with predefined threshold value to enhance average power, meanwhile clipping is applied to shape the peak value of subcarrier. The clipping technique reduced the subcarrier's peak power. The proposed approach has the greater impact in order to enhance the efficiency of non-linear Power Amplifier (PA). The PAPR is suppressed by the multilayered strategy in two ways. The first is the numerator element, which is the reduction of peak power by clipping operation, and the second is the denominator element, which is the improvement of average power through K-point DFT sub-band. The superior time–frequency localization of DFT-s-OFDM across uplink transmissions reduces the requirement for difficult node-to-node synchronization, which is potentially used by the mMTC nodes. The proposed adaptive DFT-s-OFDM modulation scheme performs better than conventional OFDM modulation, which is approximately 24% more effective at 6 dB. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item A highly robust RF 65 nm CMOS power amplifier design using Quasi-Newton control algorithm for wireless system(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Kumar, K.; Kumar, S.; Kumar Kanaujia, B.K.This article reports a novel robust approach towards CMOS power amplifier (PA) using Quasi-newton (QN) control algorithm in 65 nm CMOS process which provides best performance parameters over redundant wide bandwidth ranging from 2.4 to 16.4 GHz frequency band. Each stage are designed and optimized using QN algorithm to get desired goals such as high linearity, small group delay variations and high PAE across the entire frequency band of interest. Moreover, pole-zeros compensation technique is adopted and derived to get better stability of the proposed PA. The simulation and measurement results of PA achieved a small signal power gain of 10.5–16.8 dB with input return loss of better than 10 dB over the frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 16.4 GHz. A small group delay variation of ±58 ps over full frequency band of operation is achieved by optimizing the design parametric analysis. It is also observed that within the frequency of 6.5 to 14.6 GHz, an excellent small group delay variation of only ±11 ps is achieved and this is due to stage-2 tuning compensation technique. It also demonstrates the achieved input power in 1 dB compression points are −3.1 to 4.3 dBm, leading to maximum power added efficiency of 36.3%, respectively. The proposed PA consumes a lower DC power of 20.5 mW under supply voltage of 1.5. In addition, Process, voltage and temperature (PVT) analysis is executed at different conditions in order to achieve a robustness of the proposed PA over the entire band of operation. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Analytical modelling of ultra-small group delay variation of ultra-broadband RF power amplifier using NSGA-II algorithm(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Kumar, K.; Kumar, S.; Kumar Kanaujia, B.K.This paper proposes a ± 9.4 ps ultra-small group delay (GD) variation of fully integrated 65 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA) over 6.5–17 GHz broadband for wireless application. The proposed CMOS PA is realised by using broadband stage, RLC inter-stage and power stage topologies. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is employed for PA parameter optimisation to ensure a small GD variation of ±9.4 ps over broadband with an excellent small signal gain flatness of 23.65 ± 1.85 for 6.5–17 GHz. The small GD variation of ±9.4 ps and ± 11.05 ps are attained under two cases of DC supply voltages of 2.4/1.2 V and 1.2/1.2 V, respectively. To the best of author's knowledge, the achieved GD variations are lowest among all CMOS PAs as reported so far. In addition, an analytical modelling of GD is derived to validating the minimum GD variation using zero-pole compensation. With supply voltages of 2.4/1.2 V at 6.5 GHz, the large signal power gain, Psat and OP1dB are 26 dB, 19.3 dBm and 17.94 dBm, respectively, while peak power added efficiency (PAE) is 38.196%. At reduced supply voltages of 1.2/1.2 V, the PA achieves maximum power gain of 17.7 dB and peak PAE of 35% at 6.5 GHz. The CMOS PA occupies an area of 0.206 mm2. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Item A new design approach of Rat-Race coupler based compact GaN HEMT power amplifier towards flat high efficiency over broadband(Elsevier GmbH, 2024) Gupta, M.P.; Kumar, S.; Naik Jatoth, D.; Gorre, P.; Song, H.This paper presents a high efficiency Rat-Race Coupler based compact GaN HEMT power amplifier (PA) design over broadband for high power transmitter in wireless communication. The rat-race coupler integrated PA Compact design is proposed for the first time as per author best knowledge. The design methodology used a higher order two open stubs and a rat-race coupler (RRC) at input/output sections to control harmonics impedances. The RRC is used to enhance the i/o power, and efficiency over broadband, which provides a good insertion loss, and consumes the least power and non-crucial impedance bandwidth for the normalized frequency band of interest. As a proof of concept, a PA is fabricated using a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) 0.15 µm gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) process. The measured result shows that the designed PA achieves a flat power added efficiency (PAE) of 65 % − 74 %, output power (Pout) of 44.8 dBm − 46 dBm, and drain efficiency (DE) of 72 % − 85 %, over a record wide frequency of 1.8 GHz − 3.6 GHz, which is the highest one among all reported harmonic tuned PAs. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH