Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Design and Implementation of Digital Energy Meters with Power Factor Measurement and Load Indication Feature(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Nemani, S.V.; Shahi, D.; Vibhav, I.K.Technology is developing at a fast pace, and so is energy consumption. There is an immediate need for us to transcend from electromechanical meters which measure the energy to digital meters which calibrate it efficiently. The widely used electro mechanical meters are susceptible to changes in temperature and time as a consequence of the mechanical components present in the meter. There are problems associated with the meter reading collection and generation of the bill. The primary objective is to build an energy meter which is able to calibrate the energy accurately, able to determine whether the load is leading or lagging without any human interference and also to make it serve as an communication interface between the consumer and producer. The power factor is measured using XOR logic and the type of load is determined by the microcontroller based on the XOR logic. This helps the consumer gain an insight on what kind of load he/she is consuming, how much reactive power and real power are they paying for and help them control their energy expenses by the real time data analysis. The producers would have a clear idea of demand and supply at instant of time. © 2018 IEEE.Item Challenges in Design, Data Placement, Migration and Power-Performance Trade-offs in DRAM-NVM-based Hybrid Memory Systems(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Rai, S.; Talawar, B.DRAM-NVM-based hybrid memory opens up a varied range of power-performance-area operational configurations through page migration between the high-performance DRAM and the reliable NVM. The amalgamation of two technologies requires various modifications for the existing monolithic DRAM-based systems. This paper summarizes the current research work in the areas of data placement and page migration in hybrid memories. The challenges and design solutions from a range of NVMs-PCM, STT-RAM, ReRAM is presented. This paper also identifies several research challenges in these areas. © 2023 IETE.Item Power control of PV/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid system for stand-alone applications(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2016) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Nempu, P.B.This paper presents modeling and control of photovoltaic/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid power system for stand-alone applications. The hybrid power system uses solar photovoltaic array and fuel cell as the main sources. These sources share their power effectively to meet the load demand. The supercapacitor bank is used to supply or absorb the power during load transients. The main control system comprises of controller for maximum power tracking from photovoltaic system, a DC-DC boost converter with controller for fuel cell system for power management and inverter controller to regulate voltage and frequency. The stand-alone hybrid system aims to provide quality power supply to the consumers with a constant voltage and frequency along with proper power management using simple control techniques. The modeling and control strategies of the hybrid system are realized in MATLAB/Simulink.Item Modelling and analysis of a standalone PV/micro turbine/ ultra capacitor hybrid system(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2016) Shalavadi, B.; Chowdary, V.; Yaragatti, R.Y.Nowadays the distributed generation is being vastly implemented due to its various advantages. Generally a non renewable source is connected in parallel to a renewable source. Normally Photo Voltaic (PV) generation gives the power necessary by the load. The output of the PV is varying due to various reasons like temperature, irradiation, etc. Distributed generation using micro turbine is a realistic solution because of its friendliness with environment, small in size and high efficiency of energy. If the load is more than PV power capability, micro turbine supplies the remaining power. Due to the varying load conditions, the micro turbine practically compensates all the PV fluctuations of power. Even so, to reduce the fast fluctuations of power, one need to use an energy storage system like battery, ultra capacitor and flywheel etc. Ultra capacitor has been chosen, because of the its high power density and very fast energy storing capability. This paper documents the simulation and analysis of a standalone Photovoltaic / Micro turbine hybrid system and Photovoltaic / Micro turbine / Ultra capacitor hybrid system using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software. The system is implemented based on the concept of a parallel hybrid configuration. The simulation results validate the proposal.Item Experimental and Statistical Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance of (Jute and Cocopeat) Plant and (Silk) Animal-based Hybrid Fibers Reinforced with Epoxy Polymers(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Lokesh, L.K.; Shanmugam, B.K.; Paavan Kumar, T.; Hanumanthappa, H.; Thimmegowda, M.; Mayya, S.D.; Yashaswini Srivatsav, S.K.; Kavitha Kumar, A.B.In India, research on the development of new composite materials is extensively increased. In the present study, composites are developed with the renewable materials of plant and animal-based natural fibers. The present study will lead to the experimental and statistical investigation of the composite produced with a combination of plant-based natural fibers, i.e., jute and coco peat powder with the animal-based natural fibers, i.e., silk. In the present study, jute and silk were utilized as reinforcement material, cocopeat powder as a filler material (5%), and epoxy resin as matrix material (35%). The composites were prepared with the varying composition of reinforcement material, and also the filler and matrix material were kept constant. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact tests were performed on the developed composites. Further, a comparative study was drawn on the mechanical test results of tensile and flexural strength of the composite using power and polynomial regression model. The regression coefficient (R2) was used to study the correlation between the experimental and predicted values. The results showed that the polynomial regression is the best suitable mathematical model than the power regression model for predicting the composites’ tensile and flexural test performance. © 2022 Taylor & Francis.Item Magnetic Coupling Characteristics and Efficiency Analysis of Spiral Magnetic Power Pads for Inductive WPT System(River Publishers, 2022) Kishan, D.The inductive wireless power transfer system (IWPT) for electric vehicle battery charging works based on the principle of mutual induction (MI). The amount of power transfer from source to vehicle battery be contingent on the mutual inductance (MI) within the inductively coupled pads. This mutual inductance depends on the type of the inductive power pads, the distance among them, their positioning etc. This paper develops and study the inductive coupling characteristics of identical spiral circular and square inductive power pads. The coupling characteristics at various misalignments with different vertical distance between the coils is presented. In this work, the inductive power pads without using ferrite bars, and with ferrite bars are considered. The coupling characteristics of the spiral circular and square are computed using FEM simulations and validated with experimental results. This paper also investigated the power loss and efficiency analysis of the spiral inductive pads of the resonant IWPT system. © 2022 River Publishers.Item An integrated PMU architecture for power system applications(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2022) Aalam, M.K.; Shubhanga, K.N.Time synchronized phasors obtained using Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) spread across wide areas have revolutionized power system monitoring and control. These synchronized measurements must be accurate and fast in order to comply with the latest IEEE standards for synchrophasor measurements. The speed at which a PMU provides an output depends on the group delay associated with that PMU and the permissible group delay in-turn decides the utility of a PMU for either control or measurement application. Based on the group delay compensation techniques, in the literature, two individual types of PMUs, such as causal and non-causal PMUs have been introduced. This paper presents an approach where both causal and non-causal PMUs are combined in an integrated PMU architecture. This method not only illustrates the group delay performance of two PMUs in a single module, but also can be used for multiple functions. In this environment several PMU algorithms have been compared with respect to their group delays and their effect on the response time. Application of the integrated PMU architecture to a four-machine 10-bus power system has been demonstrated using a six-input PMU with three-phase voltage and current signals as inputs. Different causal compensation schemes are introduced due to the availability of voltage and current-based frequency and ROCOF signals. Impact of these compensation schemes on PMU accuracy is evaluated through the Total Vector Error (TVE) index. The influence of these compensation schemes on measurements like power and impedance is also investigated. Finally, outputs from the integrated PMU architecture are fed into a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) to control the small-signal stability performance of a power system during dynamic conditions. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.Item LBF-NoC: Learning-Based Framework to Predict Performance, Power and Area for Network-On-Chip Architectures(World Scientific, 2022) Kumar, A.; Talawar, B.Extensive large-scale data and applications have increasing requests for high-performance computations which is fulfilled by Chip Multiprocessors (CMP) and System-on-Chips (SoCs). Network-on-Chips (NoCs) emerged as the reliable on-chip communication framework for CMPs and SoCs. NoC architectures are evaluated based on design parameters such as latency, area, and power. Cycle-accurate simulators are used to perform the design space exploration of NoC architectures. Cycle-accurate simulators become slow for interactive usage as the NoC topology size increases. To overcome these limitations, we employ a Machine Learning (ML) approach to predict the NoC simulation results within a short span of time. LBF-NoC: Learning-based framework is proposed to predict performance, power and area for Direct and Indirect NoC architectures. This provides chip designers with an efficient way to analyze various NoC features. LBF-NoC is modeled using distinct ML regression algorithms to predict overall performance of NoCs considering different synthetic traffic patterns. The performance metrics of five different (Mesh, Torus, Cmesh, Fat-Tree and Flattened Butterfly) NoC architectures can be analyzed using the proposed LBF-NoC framework. BookSim simulator is employed to validate the results. Various architecture sizes from 2×2 to 45×45 are used in the experiments considering various virtual channels, traffic patterns, and injection rates. The prediction error of LBF-NoC is 6% to 8%, and the overall speedup is 5000× to 5500× with respect to BookSim simulator. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company.Item Optimal operation of multi-source electric vehicle connected microgrid using metaheuristic algorithm(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Sabhahit, N.S.; Jadoun, V.K.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Shrivastava, A.; Kanwar, N.; Nandini, K.K.In this paper, a multi-source microgrid (MG) has been considered which inducts power from solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine, pumped hydro storage system (PHSS) and diesel generator (DG). A problem formulation is proposed on a multi-source MG considering an electric vehicle (EV) as source and load demand. A modified operation strategy is proposed to achieve the lowest possible fuel usage of DG and to optimize the operation of multi-sources used in the MG. When the sum of PV, wind power production and EV discharge is less than the load requirement, the required deficit power should be delivered by DG and PHS. This work considers PV and wind as the primary energy supplying sources, while DG, EV and PHS as the additional energy suppliers with EV and PHS as energy storage systems. By properly coordinating EVs, they can become a major contributor to the successful execution of the MG concept. In this work, a modified charging/discharging algorithm is presented to check the effect of EVs to supply a portion of peak loads with PHS to reduce the fuel consumption of DG in three diverse modes of operation. A modified whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) are applied to effectively solve this proposed complex problem using the MATLAB platform. The optimum solutions obtained after different independent trials by both the techniques are compared with the latest published techniques. It can be observed that modified WOA performs better than TLBO and other recently published methods on the base case and proposed multi-source MG case in three diverse modes of operation. The outcomes of the simulation confirm the effectiveness of modified WOA in reducing fuel consumption. © 2022 Elsevier LtdItem A wideband, 25/40dBm high I/O power GaN HEMT ultra-low noise amplifier using even-odd mode techniques(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Gupta, M.P.; Gorre, P.; Kumar, S.; Nulu, V.This paper presents a performance analysis of the low noise amplifier (LNA) for the first time using even-odd mode matching techniques in Gallium Nitride (GaN) HEMT Technology for marine communication. The proposed GaN LNA circuit consists of broadband stage I, main amplifier, and inverted broadband stage II, which provides a high input/output power, and ultra-low noise over wide bandwidth ranging from 0.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz with fractional impedance bandwidth of 138%. Broadband Stage I and Inverted broadband stage II are employed to provide input/output impedance matching transformation. The proposed LNA circuit with the incorporation of input/output broadband stages relax a 50Ω matching constraints and achieved high input and output power with good stability. The GaN HEMT LNA is analyzed and simulated using the RF simulator (ADS tool). The proposed GaN HEMT LNA is fabricated on RT Duroid substrate using Microwave Integrated Circuit (MIC) technology. The proposed LNA achieves a measured gain of 16 dB, while the simulated one is 17 dB with good insertion loss. An ultra-low noise figure of 0.6 dB flat is achieved over a wide bandwidth. In addition, the high output power is achieved 40dBm while input power is 25dBm which could overcome weak signal strength received by RF receiver for marine communication. A stability factor greater than one is achieved over a broad band ranging from 0.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz. The fabricated GaN HEMT LNA circuit has consumed power of 120 mW under a supply of 28 V. The area of the fabricated RF GaN HEMT LNA is 32 × 26 mm2. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd