Faculty Publications

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    Influence of compression toughness on acoustic emissions of cementitious materials
    (ICE Publishing subscriptions@icepublishing.com, 2019) Vidya Sagar, R.; Shetty, S.; Bhat, A.
    This paper reports on the variation of acoustic emission (AE) characteristics with the compression toughness of cementitious materials. The purpose of the study was to understand the relation between compression toughness and AE released during the fracture process in cementitious materials. There is limited knowledge about the 'relation between the compression toughness of cementitious materials and the corresponding AE released'. Specimens of different cementitious mixture compositions were tested as per the ASTM C 39 standard in the laboratory under unconfined uniaxial compression, and simultaneously the released AEs were recorded. Specimens consisted of concrete with 20 mm aggregates, concrete with 12 mm aggregates and mortar. AE monitoring system consisting with resonant type differential AE sensors were used to record the AE parameters. A detailed analysis revealed that an inverse relation may exist between the AE energy (S) and compression toughness (T ac) of the cementitious materials. The properties of cementitious materials that influence the relationship between AE energy and compression toughness and the behaviour of AE signals were studied. © 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved.
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    Development of wide area monitoring system for smart grid application
    (IOS Press BV, 2022) Malik, H.; Ahmad, M.W.; Alotaibi, M.A.; Almutairi, A.
    PMU can directly measure positive sequence voltage, phase and system frequency. In this paper, the design and implementation for optimum placement of PMU in power system network (PSN) has been performed using 5 different intelligent approaches at an emulation platform. Different case studies based on IEEE 7, 14 and 30 bus system have been performed and analyzed. In the studies, PMU device is used for the measurement of voltage and current magnitude as well as its phase and its performance has been compared with measured real signals of PSN. PMU measurement gives the accurate results and reliability to PSN. But PMUs are not economical, so PSN operator needs to install a minimum number of PMU in PSN so that system should be fully observable in a real-Time scenario. In this paper for optimal placement of PMU, five different intelligent methods have been analyzed for three different bus systems and obtained results are compared. For the further validation of selected PMUs for the PSN, a state estimation using WLS algorithm has been performed using conventional data and PMU data on IEEE14 and IEEE30 bus systems. The obtained results for voltage estimation error and phase estimation error with and without PMU data are compared. © 2022-IOS Press. All rights reserved.
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    RTEPMS: Real-Time Environmental Parameters Monitoring System Using IoT-Based LoRa 868-MHz Wireless Communication Technology in Underground Mines
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Naik, A.S.; Kumar Reddy, S.K.; Raj, M.G.
    In underground mining, the real-time monitoring of environmental parameters plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of mining operations and personnel. This article explores the integration of Long Range (LoRa) wireless communication technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to bolster safety measures and prevent potential accidents within underground mines. The environmental parameters in underground mines include Oxygen (O2), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), Nitric Oxide (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Ethylene Oxide (EO), Temperature and Humidity. Currently, underground mines in India use portable multi-gas detector devices to measure environmental parameters. HPD13A LoRa 868 MHz based Real Time Environmental Parameters Monitoring System (RTEPMS) is designed and developed to facilitate real-time data collection in underground mines. In addition, the developed RTEPMS system is tested and evaluated at the open surface level and in one of the underground mines in India. The experimental results represent successful LoRa-based wireless communication established in an underground mine with data acquisition and real-time processing. Major parameters exceeding threshold limits in the underground mine environment include O2, CO, CO2, NO2, and EO. The data correlation between LoRa-based RTEPMS and multi-gas detector devices is 69.47% for CO2 and 72.38% for CO, while the values for CH4 and H2S are nearly zero, indicating their presence in underground mines is almost negligible. The RTEPMS is an affordable solution for smaller and less affluent underground mines. It alerts mine workers if environmental parameters exceed threshold limits during emergencies. © 2013 IEEE.
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    Development of a Reliable Wireless Communication System to Monitor Environmental Parameters from Various Positions of Underground Mines to the Surface using ZigBee Modules
    (Springer, 2024) Kumar Reddy, S.K.; Naik, A.S.; Raj, G.R.
    The mining industry is known for its valuable minerals, and the way to get minerals is by mining below the surface. Many industries benefitted by adopting automation which has improved workplace operational management, enhanced safety, real-time monitoring, and cost-effectiveness. On the basis of challenges in underground mines, a reliable wireless communication and monitoring system is required in underground mines to enhance safety and prevent major hazards. Underground mine environments are affected by various environmental parameters such as toxic gases, flammable and inflammable gases, and dust. The variation in the presence of harmful gases is a major issue that causes gas explosions and damages the mine infrastructure. Currently, most underground mines adopted conventional multi-gas detectors to monitor mine gases manually at regular intervals or once a day. In this paper, a real-time data communication system to monitor mining parameters based on wireless ZigBee modules is established and evaluated in two different underground mines in India. A wireless message communication establishment process between two ZigBee modules is described in detail, and an investigation of radio range tests by measuring received signal strength indication (RSSI) parameters is carried out in the first underground mine site at level 3 with consideration of 10-m intervals apart at each test for the straight tunnel case. In addition, wireless communication is established to monitor the environmental parameters of underground mine levels to the surface. Further, established wireless communication to monitor the environmental parameters of the straight and curved tunnels of a second underground mine. The experimental result represents successful wireless communication between ZigBee modules with a distance of 100 m to 120 m in straight tunnels and a reduction in signal strength and data packet loss in curved tunnels of underground mines. In addition, the results show that the developed ZigBee-based system is suitable for measuring environmental parameters in open surface and underground mines. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2023.
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    Prediction of Pavement Maintenance Cost for Rural Roads at Network Level
    (Springer, 2025) Arun, V.; Suresha, S.N.
    Predicting pavement maintenance cost is an important factor for planning the budgetary requirements of any road agency at the network level. Pavement condition prediction models play a vital role in predicting pavement maintenance costs. Road agencies in developing countries like India still need pavement condition prediction models. The present study proposes an approach to help road agencies predict pavement conditions and annual maintenance costs. The proposed method was developed on rural roads of Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. The pavement condition data were collected using the Online Management Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS) database and by field visual inspection survey. A homogeneous Markov model was developed to predict the future pavement condition and estimate the rural road network's annual pavement maintenance cost. The study results indicated that 59% of the road network would come to a reconstruction state at a 10-year duty cycle if no maintenance is provided. Consequently, the annual maintenance cost predicted for 2031 was Indian Rupee (INR) 751.6 million, with an increase of 17% on average with each duty cycle. The model was validated along with the sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis indicated improved pavement performance reduces maintenance costs and vice versa. The validation of the model was reliable, with a Pearson’s correlation R value of 0.92 and R square value of 0.86 at 95% confidence level. Hence, with this proposed approach, road agencies can predict the annual pavement maintenance cost so that they can plan their budget accordingly for an effective maintenance strategy at a network level. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.