Faculty Publications
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Item Assessing the impact of damage and government response toward the cyclone Gaja in Tamil Nadu, India(Elsevier, 2021) Devanantham, D.; Subbarayan, S.; Jennifer, J.J.; Kulithalai Shiyam Sundar, K.S.S.; Singh, L.; Sankriti, R.The cyclone is one of the most frequently occurring natural disaster in all tropical countries that interrupts the socioeconomic development. In India, the rate of cyclone occurrence has increased by almost 30%. Tamil Nadu state, India, becomes one of the most cyclone-prone regions in the country. Severe cyclonic storm Gaja made landfall on 16th November 2018 in Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu. It had sustained wind speeds of 100-110 km/h with gusts of up to 120 km/h. The storm brought a significant amount of rainfall of about 140-170 mm. According to the reports, 45 people lost their lives, and 76, 290 people were evacuated from low-lying areas and sheltered in 300 relief centers. In this study, we have discussed strategies on the response after the event, preparedness, relief, recovery operations, rehabilitation, reconstruction, violent conflicts, economic sustainability, infrastructure development, livelihood, and the cause for severe damage and resilience. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Assessing the impact of 2018 tropical rainfall and the consecutive flood-related damages for the state of Kerala, India(Elsevier, 2021) Kulithalai Shiyam Sundar, K.S.S.; Deka, P.C.; Subbarayan, S.; Devanantham, D.; Jacinth Jennifer, J.Flood is the relatively high flow in the river, markedly than the usual resulting in the inundation of low land. Usually, river floods when the river can no longer contain its discharge from its catchments. Flood is the costliest as well as a common natural disaster in the world devastating both life and economy to a greater extent. The state of Kerala has faced an unprecedented rainfall followed by severe floods in August 2018 with a death toll for 504. Kerala is the southernmost narrow strip of the coastal territory that slopes down the Western Ghats to reach the Arabian Sea with 14 districts in the state. According to the Central Water Commission (CWC), the state received 2346.6 mm of rain from June to 19th of August, which is 42% more than the average rainfall. The state received a tremendous rainfall of 758.6 mm in the first 20 days of August which is 164% more than the actual rainfall. With the heavy rainfall all over the state, floods prevailed by the end of July. Once again a massive spell of rainfall happened at 8th and 9th of August which led to further flooding in Wayanad district. Due to the continuous rainfall from the first week of June to August, water levels were almost near the Full Reservoir Level. So, the water was released from several dams due to the heavy rainfall in the catchment. Another intense spell of rainfall took place by the 14th of August and continued till 19th of August resulting in the massive flood throughout the state affecting 13 of the 14 districts leading to the evacuation of about 3.4 million people to the 12, 300 relief camp across the state making the worst flood in the century. 2018 Kerala flood caused extensive damage to the crops, building, and infrastructure; its associated aftermath of the flood resulted in a huge loss to its economic, social, and natural environment, accompanied by the 331 landslides across 10 districts. After ravaging by the flood, the state has faced communicable diseases leptospirosis, chicken pox, hepatitis A, malaria, and dengue resulting in a death toll for 180. Thus, this paper is tried to understand the impact of the tropical rainfall followed by the devastating flood that occurred in the state of Kerala in August 2018 and to understand the impact on the socioeconomic disturbances, its resilience aftermath the flood. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Biocatalytic Remediation of Industrial Pollutants(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Pallavi, P.; Manikandan, S.K.; Nair, V.The release of an significant amount of pollutants from various industrial activities pose a serious threat to environmental sustainability and ecological integrity. Toxic pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, metal ions, plastics, and antibiotics, can cause detrimental diseases to diverse living beings in their ecosystems. Biocatalytic remediation is one efficient method of removing toxic industrial pollutants by applying microorganisms or enzymes. Microorganisms in the environment typically produce a variety of enzymes to immobilize and degrade contaminants by using them as a substrate for growth and development. Biocatalytic remediation has attracted enormous interest worldwide due to its affordability and eco-friendliness. The use of microbial enzymes and microorganisms, especially immobilized biocatalysts, has been established as a flexible approach for the sustainable alleviation of industrial pollutants, in contrast to physical and chemical methods. This chapter presents and discusses recent scientific and technological advancements related to biocatalytic remediation of industrial pollutants. It also considers different biocatalysts and novel methodologies to mitigate various pollutants. This article also examines current trends, challenges, and directions for efficiently removing pollutant using biocatalysis method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Assessing Flood Susceptibility Using GIS and AHP Method: Case of Mandovi River Basin, Goa(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Rajeev, R.; Naik, S.; Nivedha, N.This research focuses on performing a comprehensive flood susceptibility analysis in the Mandovi river basin in Goa, in order to increase flood resilience. The study employs the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to prioritize and map various factors influencing flood susceptibility. Beginning with an extensive background review and preliminary analysis, the research involves the generation of parameter maps, including distance from rivers, topographic wetness index (TWI), drainage density, rainfall, elevation, slope, land use and land cover (LULC), soil type, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and distance from roads. Applying a weighted overlay method, these parameters are integrated to develop a flood susceptibility map, classifying areas within the basin as very high, high, moderate, or low and very low susceptible to flooding. Each parameter has been reclassified based on chances of the class being very high susceptible to very low susceptible to flooding. The conclusion from the susceptibility map was that higher elevation and slope are associated with lower flood susceptibility, while distance to the river, topographic wetness index (TWI), drainage density, and high vegetation areas are factors that increase susceptibility to flooding. It provides a comprehensive classification of potential flood risk in various areas within the basin underscoring the importance of flood risk assessment in comprehending the intricate interplay of factors contributing to flooding. It proposes basin-level interventions as strategic measures to mitigate the impact of floods, contributing valuable insights for formulating measures to reduce the vulnerability of the Mandovi river basin to flooding. The findings hold significance for informed land-use planning, zoning regulations, and targeted mitigation measures. In summary, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of flood susceptibility in the Mandovi river basin, providing a valuable foundation for proactive flood resilience strategies in the region. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Item Policies to Mitigate Select Consequence of Social Media: Insights from India(Springer, 2020) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.Apart from the benefits to humanity, often, social media possess consequences such as online hate content, fake news, online abuse, cyber-bullying and other demeaning expressions. As the increased hate content causes several health issues, it is necessary to mitigate it. Hate content mitigation may attain sustainable development goals of United Nations. Therefore, the objective of the article is to identify the possible policies to mitigate social media consequence-online hate content. In this regard, online and offline opinions from the Indian respondents are gathered through the questionnaire designed for the purpose. The software which is developed in R programming language is used to analyse opinions. The analysis results reveal the role of government and non-government authorities for digital hate content reduction. The non-governmental communities-civil societies, private sectors, and intermediaries are more important to reduce digital hate content. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Datta, K.; Jena, P.R.The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), is a pivotal force in addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation. As climate change worsens into a worldwide disaster, the need to address its consequences gets more urgent. In response, the GCF emerges, as one of the primary climate finance mechanisms, providing a solid platform for mobilizing climate finance and facilitating transformative projects in developing nations to help them address climate-related concerns. Our systematic literature review rigorously examines the GCF’s global impact by delving into its organizational structure, funding mechanisms, and project efficacy. Employing the PRISMA methodology, we meticulously evaluate 39 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus. This review enriches the understanding of the GCF’s central role in global climate finance and sustainability, its contributions, and the challenges it faces. Our analysis reveals that the GCF demonstrates potential in balancing mitigation and adaptation through innovative approaches, including private sector engagement and equitable fund distribution. However, issues persist regarding adaptation finance accessibility for vulnerable states. To enhance effectiveness, we advocate for increased investment in decentralized, community-led solutions aligned with long-term development goals. A probable shortfall in meeting mitigation targets outlined in the Copenhagen Agreements, emphasizing the urgent need for increased financial resources. Diversifying funding sources and improving transparency are crucial for effective climate financing. This study provides vital insights to guide the GCF’s evolution and improve its efficacy in addressing climate change while advancing sustainable development globally. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Naïve bayes classifier to mitigate the DDoS attacks severity in Ad-Hoc networks(Kohat University of Science and Technology ijcnis@gmail.com, 2020) Karri, K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.Ad-Hoc networks are becoming more popular due to their unique characteristics. As there is no centralized control, these networks are more vulnerable to various attacks, out of which Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks consider as more severe attacks. DDoS attack detection and mitigation is still a challenging issue in Ad-Hoc Networks. The existing solutions find the fixed or dynamic threshold value to detect the DDoS attacks without any trained data. Very few existing solutions use machine learning algorithms to detect these attacks. However, existing solutions are inefficient to handle when DDoS attackers perform this attack through bursty traffic, packet size, and fake packets flooding. We have proposed DDoS attack severity mitigation solution. Out DDoS mitigation solution consists of a new network node authentication module and naïve Bayes classifier module to detect and isolate the DDoS attack traffic patterns. Our simulation results show that naïve Bayes DDoS attack traffic classification outperforms in the hostile environment and secure the legitimate traffic from DDoS attack. © 2020, Kohat University of Science and Technology.