Faculty Publications

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Publications by NITK Faculty

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Internet protocols

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    Verification of protocol design using UML - SMV
    (2009) Prashanth, C.M.; Chandrashekar Shet, K.
    In recent past, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become the de facto industry standard for object-oriented modeling of the software systems. The syntax and semantics rich UML has encouraged industry to develop several supporting tools including those capable of generating deployable product (code) from the UML models. As a consequence, ensuring the correctness of the model/design has become challenging and extremely important task. In this paper, we present an approach for automatic verification of protocol model/design. As a case study, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) design is verified for the property, "the CALLER will not converse with the CALLEE before the connection is established between them ". The SIP is modeled using UML statechart diagrams and the desired properties are expressed in temporal logic. Our prototype verifier "UML-SMV" is used to carry out the verification. We subjected an erroneous SIP model to the UML-SMV, the verifier could successfully detect the error (in 76.26ms) and generate the error trace.
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    Dynamic selection mechanism for quality of service aware web services
    (2010) D’Mello, D.A.; Ananthanarayana, V.S.
    A web service is an interface of the software component that can be accessed by standard Internet protocols. The web service technology enables an application to application communication and interoperability. The increasing number of web service providers throughout the globe have produced numerous web services providing the same or similar functionality. This necessitates the use of tools and techniques to search the suitable services available over the Web. UDDI (universal description, discovery and integration) is the first initiative to find the suitable web services based on the requester's functional demands. However, the requester's requirements may also include non-functional aspects like quality of service (QoS). In this paper, the authors define a QoS model for QoS aware and business driven web service publishing and selection. The authors propose a QoS requirement format for the requesters, to specify their complex demands on QoS for the web service selection. The authors define a tree structure called quality constraint tree (QCT) to represent the requester's variety of requirements on QoS properties having varied preferences. The paper proposes a QoS broker based architecture for web service selection, which facilitates the requesters to specify their QoS requirements to select qualitatively optimal web service. A web service selection algorithm is presented, which ranks the functionally similar web services based on the degree of satisfaction of the requester's QoS requirements and preferences. The paper deffnes web service provider qualities to distinguish qualitatively competitive web services. The paper also presents the modelling and selection mechanism for the requester's alternative constraints defined on the QoS. The authors implement the QoS broker based system to prove the correctness of the proposed web service selection mechanism. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
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    Experimental analysis of SI engine performance and emission characteristics with gasoline-denatured spirit blends as alternative fuels
    (2010) Hubballi, P.A.; Ashok Babu, T.P.
    The experimental study focused on investigating benefits of unleaded gasoline (P100) - denatured spirit [DNS (ethanol 93.3% v/v + water 6.7% v/v)] blends as fuel in a four cylinder four stroke SI engine. Performance tests were conducted to study volumetric efficiency (VolE), brake thermal efficiency (BThE), brake power (BP), engine torque (torque), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Engine exhaust emissions were investigated for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Experiments were conducted at different engine speeds between 2500 - 4500 rpm maintaining throttle position of 50% throughout the experiments. The fuel blends used include DNS30P70 (ethanol 28 % + water 2% + gasoline 70 %), DNS50P50 (ethanol 46.65 % + water 3.35 % + gasoline 50 %) and DNS85P15 (ethanol 79.3 % + water 5.7 % + gasoline 15 %) which were compared with base fuel P100. The investigations revealed that blending DNS with P100 increases BThE, VolE, BP, torque and BSFC. The CO, HC, NOx and CO2 emissions in the exhaust decrease when compared to P100 operation. The DNS85P15 blend produced encouraging results in improved engine performance and decreased engine exhaust emission.
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    Two level verification for detection of DNS rebinding attacks
    (Springer, 2013) Brahmasani, S.; Sivasankar, E.
    In this paper the focus is on the detection and prevention of DNS rebinding attack. DNS rebinding attack circumvents the access control of browser's same origin policy (SOP) and converts them into open network proxies to access the information of target systems. It works by sending in genuine IP address for the DNS response and infects the victim browser with malicious Javascript or other active content which then exploits the name-based SOP. This leads to the successful launch of the attack in spite of the existence of strong authentication schemes. The existing counter mechanisms are not able to prevent all types of DNS rebinding attacks. We propose two level based solution, level-I is based on the comparison of the hostname of canonical NAME of each reverse DNS lookup of IP address returned by DNS response with the original domain name and level-II compares the HTTP response content of the each IP addresses returned by DNS response. The SSE network testbed was used for testing the proposed solution and the experimental results show that the proposed solutions are able to detect and prevent all subsequent DNS rebinding attacks. © 2013 The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden.
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    Bat-termite: A novel hybrid bio inspired routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2014) Manjappa, M.; Guddeti, R.M.R.
    In this paper, the authors have proposed a novel hybrid bio-inspired routing protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), referred to as bat-termite, by combining the unique features of both social insect termites and mammals bats. The primary objective of the proposed work is to design an adaptive routing protocol for MANETs based on the hill building nature of the termites. The secondary objective of the proposed work is to improve the backup route maintenance of the proposed algorithm using the echo-location feature of the bats. The proposed bat-termite algorithm exhibits superior routing features such as quick route discovery, high robustness with efficient management of multiple routes and rapid route repair. The bat-termite algorithm is simulated in NS-2 and the simulation results are compared with the bio-inspired (termite and D-Termite) and non bio-inspired (AODV and AOMDV) routing protocols from the performance evaluation point of view. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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    Application of non-linear Gaussian regression-based adaptive clock synchronization technique for wireless sensor network in agriculture
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Upadhyay, D.; Dubey, A.K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.S.
    Efficient and low power utilizing clock synchronization is a challenging task for a wireless-sensor network (WSN). Therefore, it is crucial to design a light weight clock synchronization protocols for these networks. An adaptive clock offset prediction model for WSN is proposed in this paper that exchanges fewer synchronization messages to improve the accuracy and efficiency. Timing information required is collected by setting a small WSN set up to investigate the soil condition to control the irrigation in agriculture. The networks investigate soils moisture, temperature, humidity, and pressure content along with the sensors clock offset. First, the prediction model perceives the existing sensor clock offset to observe the clock characteristics and delay. Then, a Gaussian function is applied for adjusting the parameters weight of the observed value in the prediction model. The system results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive non-linear Gaussian regression synchronization model utilizes 20% less energy as consumed by time sync protocol for sensor-network and reference broadcast synchronization Protocol. It also reduces the synchronization error with respect to root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 24.85% as compared to linear prediction synchronization with RMSE 28.72% in terms of accuracy. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
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    A statistical tool for time synchronization problem in WSN
    (Bentham Science Publishers P.O. Box 294 Bussum 1400 AG, 2019) Upadhyay, D.; Dubey, A.K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.S.
    Background: In recent research, time synchronization has a great importance in the various application of wireless sensor network. Localization, tracking, message passing using contention-based schemes and communication are some of the fields where synchronization between sensor clocks is highly required. Therefore, several algorithms were designed to achieve a rational and reliable frame of time within the wireless sensor network. Patents related to time synchronization in WSN were also analyzed. Methods: This paper discusses the powerful statistical tool using maximum probability theory for synchronizing the time within the sensor's clock. In this paper, maximum probability theory is applied to estimate the best value of clock offset between two sensor clocks. The proposed algorithm is analyzed by exchanging timing messages between nodes using two-way message exchange schemes. Results: The proposed algorithm is also implemented along with a Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network. It reduces error deviation from 2.32 to 0.064 ms as compared with Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network without proposed works. Conclusion: It was observed that for a small network, proposed work gives better and efficient results with Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    Enhanced mobility aware routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks
    (Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Sanshi, S.; Jaidhar, C.D.
    Due to the technological advancement in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), sensor node mobility becomes a basic requirement for many extensive applications. Routing protocol designed for LLNs must ensure real-time data transmission with minimum power consumption. However, the existing mobility support protocols cannot work efficiently in LLNs as they are unable to adapt to the change in the network topology quickly. Therefore, we propose an Enhanced Routing Protocol for LLNs (ERPL), which updates the Preferred Parent (PP) of the Mobile Node (MN) quickly whenever the MN moves away from the already selected PP. Further, a new objective function that takes the mobility of the node into an account while selecting a PP is proposed. Performance of the ERPL has been evaluated with the varying system and traffic parameters under different topologies similar to most of the real-life networks. The simulation results showed that the proposed ERPL reduced the power consumption, packet overhead, latency and increased the packet delivery ratio as compared to other existing works. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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    Enhanced mobility routing protocol for wireless sensor network
    (Springer, 2020) Sanshi, S.; Jaidhar, C.D.
    Recently, the routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) was standardized and is considered as the default standard for routing over the low power and lossy networks. However, it has not been optimized to work effectively, especially under mobility, and suffers from frequent disconnections that result in packet loss and increased energy consumption. In this paper, an enhanced mobility routing protocol for wireless sensor network (EM-RPL) that incorporates modules to support the mobility of nodes has been proposed. The main goal of the EM-RPL is to increase network reliability and efficiency by selecting a route that is more stable and reduces the frequency of route discovery process. The performance of the proposed EM-RPL has been evaluated in the Contiki-based Cooja simulator and compared with the performance of other protocols that support mobility in the RPL. The simulation results demonstrated that the EM-RPL improves the packet delivery ratio and minimizes power consumption by allowing the mobile nodes to select a more stable path. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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    Robust and secure authentication protocol protecting privacy for roaming mobile user in global mobility networks
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2021) Madhusudhan, R.; Suvidha, K.S.
    With the advent of new 5G technology there is a need to develop security architecture. Two factor authentication schemes are developed to address the security features such as user anonymity and privacy preservation during roaming scenario in GLObal Mobility NETwork. The entire communication during roaming is carried over insecure channel and owing to this, security concern is raised. The main objective of the proposed protocol is to secure the channel and to overcome all active and passive security attacks. The proposed protocol addresses the active and passive security attacks that exist in 5G cellular networks which are formally verified using AVISPA tool. The proposed protocol is simulated using NS2.35 simulator and the performance metrics such as throughput, end to end delivery and packet delivery ratio are computed. The protocol is efficient in terms of computational and communication cost. The proposed scheme is robust and practically implementable. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.