Faculty Publications

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    Electrospun PVDF-based composite nanofabrics: An emerging trend toward energy harvesting
    (Elsevier, 2021) Shetty, S.; Anandhan, S.
    Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has gained attention in energy-related applications, due to its ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. PVDF is a semicrystalline fluoropolymer having different phase domains based on its chain conformations. The polar domains contribute to its ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics. Electrospinning is a facile nanofabrication technique used to produce ultrafine fibers that self-integrates into functional webs/nanofabrics. This chapter emphasizes the electrospinning/filler route to tune the electroactive properties of PVDF-based composite nanofabrics and their applicabilities toward energy-related systems. The influence of various fillers/additives on the structure, morphology, and electroactive response of PVDF composite nanofabrics, including their incorporation into energy-related systems, is described in detail. Understanding the interplay between the filler and PVDF matrix coupled with electrospinning could contribute toward the fabrication of scalable and practical energy systems. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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    Energy harvesting by foot-propelled battery charger using shoe-model
    (2012) Verma, N.K.; Singla, P.; Roy, A.
    This paper proposes an effective and convenient mechanism to transform and utilize biomechanical energy to electrical energy by presenting a self-powered shoe-model in order to tap the energy obtained for charging mobile phone battery. While walking in general, negative work is done by every human being in every single step taken. This negative work can be converted into electrical energy using a dc machine. The resulting energy could serve as ancillary source of energy for charging the batteries. The proposed self-powered shoe-model contains a permanent magnet DC machine, rack and pinion section and a signal conditioning circuit for charging mobile phone battery. The designed shoe-model has been successfully tested on Li-ion battery of a mobile phone from a reputed brand. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications.
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    Human Muscle Energy Harvesting: Models and Application for Low Power Loads
    (IEEE Computer Society help@computer.org, 2018) Shenoy, B.B.; Laxminidhi, L.; Shripathi Acharya, U.S.; Mitra, J.
    This paper presents models for human muscle power which can be harvested and utilized for low power applications. The low power application considered in this paper is the case of off-grid rural electrification, where a person in a rural area uses a bicycle-based human power generating system to charge a battery for the purpose of lighting his home with a few low-wattage LED lamps during periods of necessity. In this regard, two methods to convert energy from human muscle activity into useful electricity by utilizing the commonly available bicycle are proposed and presented with hardware results. The presented hardware results prove that power of the order of 50 W can be successfully generated using these methods. Another important feature is that, the methodology involved in generating useful electricity is carbon-free and power can be generated at any given point of time regardless of location or the associated climatic condition. © 2018 IEEE.
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    A compact dual-band rectenna for RF energy harvesting
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Polaiah, G.; Kandasamy, K.; Kulkarni, M.
    In this paper, a compact dual-band rectenna operating in the frequency range of 4.8-5.2 GHz (Wi-Fi) and 7.77.9 GHz has been proposed. The antenna dual-band is achieved at a feed length of 38 mm by varying the feed length. The dual-band rectifier is designed with the help of Villard voltage doubler circuit with single T-matching network. The proposed rectenna has been implemented by integrating the rectifier to the antenna. The simulation results of antenna, rectifier, and rectenna are performed individually. The antenna is fabricated, various parameters measured, and compared with the simulated results. The maximum measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) of rectifier and rectenna of 51.7 % and 48.5% have been obtained. © 2019 IEEE.
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    Triple-Band Modified Square Slotted Antenna with Enhanced Gain for RF Energy Harvesting
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Polaiah, G.; Kandasamy, K.; Kulkarni, M.
    A tri-band symmetrically truncated modified square slot antenna with enhanced gain integrated with a triple-band rectifier for low-power RF energy harvesting applications is presented in this paper. The antenna triple bands of 1.9 GHz, 3.1 GHz, and 6.4 GHz are obtained by coupling the slot with an optimized microstrip feed line length of 37 mm. To enhance the realized gain, a full copper patch reflector size greater than the antenna size is positioned in the bottom of the antenna at a distance of λ/4. where ‘λ’ is free space wavelength at the lowest frequency of 1.9 GHz. A single diode series-configuration-based triple-band rectifier along with an impedance matching network is designed at the aforementioned similar frequencies of the antenna. The designed prototypes are fabricated, measured the essential parameters, and compared with the simulation results. The measurement results show that the enhanced gains of the antenna are 4.8 dB, 6.7 dB, and 8.9 dB obtained at the corresponding frequencies, and the rectenna peak conversion efficiency reached 27% at an optimized values of 1 KΩ load resistance and –5 dBm input power. The proposed triple-band rectenna is found to be suitable for low-power RF energy harvesting and wireless power transfer applications. © 2021 IEEE.
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    Probing the synergism of halloysite nanotubes and electrospinning on crystallinity, polymorphism and piezoelectric performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Khalifa, M.; Mahendran, A.; Anandhan, S.
    Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers have tremendous potential in nano-sensing and energy scavenging applications. In this study, uniaxially aligned nanofibers were developed from halloysite nanotubes (HNT)/PVDF nanocomposite using electrospinning technique. Incorporation of HNT into PVDF not only reduced the diameter of the electrospun nanofibers, but, also improved their morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques were used to characterize the crystallinity, polymorphism and polymer-filler interaction in the nanocomposite nanofibers. A force sensor was indigenously designed to study the piezoelectric responses of the nanocomposite nanofibers. At 10 wt% of HNT loading, the sensor produced the highest voltage output, which can be ascribed to its highest ?-phase content. Incorporation of HNT and use of electrospinning synergistically enhanced the ?-phase content and hence the piezoelectric behavior of PVDF. Hence, these nanofibers could be promising and prominent materials in sensor and actuator applications. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Synergism of Electrospinning and Nano-alumina Trihydrate on the Polymorphism, Crystallinity and Piezoelectric Performance of PVDF Nanofibers
    (Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 184 Thorn Hill Road Warrendale PA 15086, 2018) Khalifa, M.; Deeksha, B.; Mahendran, A.; Anandhan, S.
    Poly(vinlylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is known for its electroactive phases, which can be nucleated by incorporating nanoparticles into PVDF to enhance its piezoelectric performance. In this study, the synergistic effect of electrospinning and nano alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler was used to enhance the electroactive ? phase of PVDF. Electrospun nanofibers of PVDF/ATH nanocomposite (PANCF) were synthesized with different loadings of ATH. The presence of ATH enhances the surface charges of the electrospun droplets, leading to thinner fibers. The highest ?-phase content was found to be 70.1% for PANCF with 10% ATH. The piezoelectric performance of the nanofiber mats was studied using an indigenous setup. The highest voltage output of 840 mV was produced by PANCF with 10% ATH. These nanofibers could be a promising material in the field of sensors, actuators and energy-harvesting applications. © 2018, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
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    Processing and investigation of mechanical characteristics on the polydimethylsiloxane/carbon black composites
    (Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2019) Hiremath, S.; Sangamesh, R.; Kulkarni, S.M.
    The mechanical adaptability of elastomers has enormous potential in fields such as energy harvesting, micro electro mechanical system (MEMS), sensor, and actuator. A significant issue is to improve the mechanical features of the elastomeric base material by incorporating an appropriate filler. The elastomer Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reinforced with carbon black (CB) particles that affect mechanical characteristics (Tensile strength, compressive strength, tear strength, etc) and that have a critical impact on the efficiency of the device. The current research examines the mechanical characteristics of plain PDMS with a concentration of CB filler between 5% and 25%. A solution casting method is used to prepare the composite substrate and investigate the impacts of CB loading performance on tensile, compression, tear, and hardness testing. The outcome shows an improvement in mechanical characteristics due to CB material for Young's module as 1.64-3.84 MPa, ultimate tensile strength as 1.86-4.8 MPa, 3.67-4.81 MPa compressive module with the same compressive strength up to 40 percent strain. The tear strength of the PDMS/CB composites is improved by ?111 percent at 25 percent volume fraction of the CB. The composite hardness of PDMS/CB increases by about 30 percent of the plain PDMS material. Continuing with this, Additional mechanical characteristics of PDMS/CB composites on shear and bulk modules are reported. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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    Experimental investigations of a low heat rejection (LHR) engine powered with Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Kulkarni, P.S.; Godiganur, G.; Ramesh, M.R.; Banapurmath Nagaraj, N.R.; Khandal, S.V.
    Continued effort has been made by several researchers to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels by using suitable alternative and renewable fuels such as biodiesels for energy harvesting and vehicular applications. Alternative fuels can partially or totally replace fossil fuels in diesel engine applications and address tailpipe emissions as well, which lead to global warming. Performance of compression ignition (CI) engines fueled with biodiesel can be further improved with low heat rejection engine facility by suitably utilizing the heat rejected from the engine and thereby improving the thermal efficiency. Present work combustion surfaces of piston, valves and cylinder head were coated with ceramic material, making the engine fully adiabatic, also known as a low heat rejection (LHR) engine. Experiments were conducted on an LHR engine using diesel and Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) to determine its performance with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). An attempt has been made to compare the performance and emissions characteristics of a CI engine operated on MOME with and without ceramic coating, and the effect of an EGR system developed in-house. EGR was varied from 0 to 20% in steps of 5%. The LHR engine yielded increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE), reduced emissions of smoke, HC[Hydro Carbon] and CO, and increased NOx with MOME when compared to an uncoated engine. As EGR rate increased the BTE and NOx were slightly reduced whereas the HC, CO and smoke were increased. At 10% EGR, 25.96% BTE, 59 HSU smoke, 46 ppm HC, 0.163% volume CO and 1048 ppm NOx were reported. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Polymorphism, dielectric and piezoelectric response of organo-modified Ni–Co layered double hydroxide nanosheets dispersed electrospun PVDF nanofabrics
    (Springer, 2019) Shetty, S.; Ekbote, G.S.; Mahendran, A.; Anandhan, S.
    Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with excellent flexibility and electroactive properties is a promising material for energy harvesting. In this study, organically modified Ni–Co layered double hydroxide (OLDH) was synthesized and the nanosheets of this OLDH were used as filler in electrospun PVDF nanofabrics. Morphology, crystallinity, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties of the electrospun nanofabrics were characterized. Presence of OLDH in PVDF nanofabrics led to enhancement of polar ?-phase in the latter, which was corroborated from the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Dielectric constant of the nanofabrics tends to increase with OLDH content, while the corresponding dielectric loss remained low. An indigenously designed nanogenerator from these nanofabrics exhibited a maximum output voltage of 6.9 V and power density of 0.92 ?W/cm2 under human finger tapping mode at 3 wt% loading of OLDH. The synergistic effect of OLDH and electrospinning contributed to the enhancement of the ?-phase content, thereby the piezoelectric response of the composite nanofabrics. The demonstrated nanogenerator could possibly power flexible and portable electronic devices. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.