Faculty Publications
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Item Effect of denatured spirit-water blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions(Combustion Institute, 2009) Ashok Babu, T.P.A.; Hubballi, P.A.The obj ective of this study was to investigate the effect of using Denatured spirit (DNS = [Ethanol 93.3% + water 6.7%]) and DNS-Water blends as fuels in a four cylinder four stroke SI engine. In the process of investigation, the performance tests were conducted on the engine to analyze brake thermal efficiency (BThE), brake power (BP), engine torque and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Exhaust emissions were also investigated for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results of the experiments revealed that, both DNS and DNS95W5 (DNS 95% + water 5%) as fuels increase BThe, BP, engine torque and BSFC. The CO, HC, NOx and CO2 emissions in the exhaust decreased. The DNS and DNS95W5 as fuels produced the encouraging results in engine performance and reduced exhaust emissions for all the tested speeds and measured performance parameters. © 2009 Combustion Institute. All rights reserved.Item Performance and emission studies of a LPG fueled spark ignition engine with steam induction(Korean Society of Combustion, 2013) Shankar, K.S.; Mohanan, P.In this study the combustion and emission characteristics of a conventional naturally aspirated, four-cylinder, multipoint port fuel injection S.I engine modified to run with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) injection along with steam induction are evaluated. Experiments are conducted at wide-open throttle condition and at a speed range of 2000 rpm to 4500 rpm with a static ignition timing of 6-degree bTDC. The steam flow rates of 10 to 25% of LPG flow rates (by mass) are used. The results with LPG and 25% steam induction at wide-open throttle condition and 3500 rpm indicates that the brake thermal efficiency has reduced by 2%, and the peak cylinder pressure has reduced by about 10 bar, with the location of the peak pressure being way from top dead centre when compared to LPG combustion. Oxides of nitrogen emission has reduced significantly with the induction of steam with a reduction of 45% when compared to LPG at 3500 rpm. The carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at the above condition have increased marginally. Thus the induction of steam along with LPG has resulted in notable reduction in the oxides of nitrogen emissions with a slight reduction in engine performance.Item 6BTA 5.9 G2-1 Cummins engine performance and emission tests using methyl ester mahua (Madhuca indica) oil/diesel blends(2009) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, C.H.; Reddy, R.P.Neat mahua oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. The transesterification of mahua oil can reduce these problems. The use of biodiesel fuel as substitute for conventional petroleum fuel in heavy-duty diesel engine is receiving an increasing amount of attention. This interest is based on the properties of bio-diesel including the fact that it is produced from a renewable resource, its biodegradability and potential to exhaust emissions. A Cummins 6BTA 5.9 G2- 1, 158 HP rated power, turbocharged, DI, water cooled diesel engine was run on diesel, methyl ester of mahua oil and its blends at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The volumetric blending ratios of biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel were set at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, HC and NOx) were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on biodiesel. The results indicate that with the increase of biodiesel in the blends CO, HC reduces significantly, fuel consumption and NOx emission of biodiesel increases slightly compared with diesel. Brake specific energy consumption decreases and thermal efficiency of engine slightly increases when operating on 20% biodiesel than that operating on diesel. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on fish oil methyl esters(2010) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, Ch.; Reddy, R.P.The high viscosity of fish oil leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. The inefficient mixing of fish oil with air leads to incomplete combustion. The best way to use fish oil as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines is to convert it into biodiesel. It can be used in CI engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has properties similar to mineral diesel. Combustion tests for methyl ester of fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel were performed in a kirloskar H394 DI diesel engine, to evaluate fish biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine, at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The tests showed no major deviations in diesel engine's combustion as well as no significant changes in the engine performance and reduction of main noxious emissions with the exception on NOx. Overall fish biodiesel showed good combustion properties and environmental benefits. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Performance and emission characteristics studies on stationary diesel engines operated with cardanol biofuel blends(2012) Mallikappa, D.N.; Pratap Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.S.N.This work composed with performance and emission studies of three stationary diesel engines operated with 20% cardanol biofuel volumetric blends. A single cylinder diesel engine and VCR engines were used to evaluate theperformance and emission characteristics of cardanol biofuel. An extended experimental study was conducted on a double cylinder CI engine, to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics. The cardanol biofuel volumetric blends between 0-25% and base fuel (Petro diesel) were tested at various loads between 0-full load. From the results, brake thermal efficiency, increased with increase in load. The brake specific energy consumption decreased by 30 to 40% with increase in brake power. The HC emissions were nominal up to B20, and more at B25. The NOx emissions (ppm) increased with increased proportion of blends. The carbon monoxide emissions increased with higher blends and decreased slightly at higher loads. From this investigation, it is observed that up to 20% blends of cardanol biofuels may be used in CI engines without any modifications.Item Receptor model based source apportionment of PM10 in the metropolitan and industrialized areas of Mangalore(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Kalaiarasan, G.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.; Khaparde, V.V.PM10 samples were collected from a traffic site (Town hall) and industrial site (KSPCB) of Mangalore, India during 2014. Chemical characterization using ICP-MS proclaimed the presence of twelve trace elements (Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) from traffic site and six trace elements (Cd, Ni, Pb, K, Cr and Zn) from industrial site. Source apportionment has been done using Enrichment Factors (EF's) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). EF's outcome using Fe as reference element showed higher enrichment for Zn, Pb, Cd, V, Cr, Ti and Cu compared to Sr, Ca, Mg and Mn. Similarly EF's calculated for industrial site using K as a reference element exhibits higher enrichment for Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn. Principal Component Analysis using varimax rotation distinguishes three sources (vehicular sources, crustal sources and brake wear emissions) for PM10 particles at traffic and two sources (steel and non-ferrous metal industries emissions and Coal/fuel oil combustion emission) at industrial site. This is the first known work for source identification of particulate matter (PM10) in coastal industrial city Mangalore. © 2016Item Part load characteristics of a DI diesel engine achieving HCCI mode of combustion with air preheating(IAEME Publication, 2017) Sumanlal, M.R.; Kumar, S.N.; Mohanan, P.The study focuses on the effect of diesel vapour induction on the engine performance and to try and achieve Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode of combustion in the engine. An existing Direct injection CI engine is modified to work as an HCCI engine by using a shell and tube heat exchanger which aids in the production of diesel vapour by utilising energy of exhaust gas. Different readings are taken for 50% and 75% load conditions. The effect of preheating of air is analysed by heating the inlet air by using a coil type heater. Preheating improved the brake thermal efficiency and brought down CO and HC emissions however it slightly increased NOx emissions. Induction of vapour was continued till the point where engine started to knock. Preheating of vapour was limited to 65°C due to continuous increase in NOx emissions. The best operating condition for each load was calculated and finally the optimum condition for the operation of HCCI engine was determined. © IAEME Publication.Item Combined effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and fuel injection pressure on CRDI engine operating with jatropha curcas biodiesel blends(Taylor's University # 1, Jalan Taylor's Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, 2017) Bedar, P.; Lamani, V.T.; Ayodhya, A.S.; Kumar, G.N.This work investigates the influence of Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection pressure on the performance and emissions of CRDI engine using Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends of 10% and 20% (B10 and B20). Experiments were carried out for three fuel injection pressures (FIP) of 300, 400 and 500 bar with 15% and 20% EGR rate at constant speed of 2000 rpm and standard injection timing of 150 BTDC. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency and emission characteristics such as smoke opacity, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon mono-oxide (CO) were measured and analysed. The results showed improvement of performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency for blends B10, B20 and with 15%EGR rate. Smoke, HC and CO decreased while slightly increasing NOx emissions when working with biodiesel. In summary, it is optimized that engine running with combination of B20 blend and 15% EGR rate culminates into NOx reductions without affecting engine efficiency and other emissions like smoke opacity, hydrocarbon and carbon mono-oxide. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.Item Influence of diethyl ether on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel(Penerbit Akademia Baru, 2020) Kapilan, N.; Prabhu S, S.; Vasudeva, M.India is one of the major importers of petroleum products and hence government of India has taken several steps to find suitable alternative fuels to the fossil fuels. The biodiesel derived from non-edible oils is considered as an immediate substitute for the fossil diesel. In this work, biodiesel was produced from non-edible honge oil and used as substitute for the diesel. The engine tests were carried out on a diesel engine which is most widely used for agricultural purpose. From the engine tests, we observed that the diesel engine performance with biodiesel is lower than the diesel due to lower volatility and slightly higher viscosity of the biodiesel. Hence, the objective of this work is to study the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) on the performance of the engine. The engine tests were conducted on a single cylinder, water cooled, compression ignition engine at steady state condition. The engine test results showed an increase in brake thermal efficiency and reduction in engine exhaust emissions such as CO, HC and smoke with the addition of DEE as an additive. From this work we conclude that the DEE can be used as an ignition improver for the honge oil biodiesel. © 2020 PENERBIT AKADEMIA BARU - All rights reserved.