Faculty Publications

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    Experimental Studies on the Effect of Varying Rates of Part-Cooled EGR in High Pressure Loop on an MPFI Engine Under Variable Speed Operation
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Oommen, L.P.; Kumar, G.N.
    Researches in automobile sector around the globe are focused on meeting the currently proposed emission norms. Exhaust gas recirculation is one pre-treatment technique that has been found effective in enhancing the combustion and emission characteristics of IC engines and regulating the emission of nitrogen oxides. The present work analyses the effect produced by different rates of partially cooled EGR in a high pressure loop on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine. Three flow rates of EGR—12%, 18% and 24%—have been studied, and the impact produced on thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and emission of macropollutants of the test engine has been analysed under variable speed operation in comparison with normal operation of the engine without recirculation. The temperature of recirculated exhaust gas is so maintained as not to have a negative influence on the fuel consumption characteristics. A reduction in specific fuel consumption is observed which results in a marginal improvement of brake thermal efficiency alongside the advantage obtained in the emissions of the engine. The study proves that the advantages of EGR addition are limited to around 18% above to which the cyclic variations and misfires become predominant, deteriorating the performance and emissions of the test engine. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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    Experimental studies on the impact of part-cooled high-pressure loop EGR on the combustion and emission characteristics of liquefied petroleum gas
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Oommen, L.P.; Kumar, G.N.
    Liquefied petroleum gas is preferred and adopted in automotive engines because of its efficient burning and cleaner emission characteristics. Since LPG contains less carbon molecules and higher carbon to hydrogen ratios than gasoline or diesel, it has a much higher emission reduction potential both in the cases of regulated and non-regulated emissions. A major disadvantage of deploying LPG widely is the amount of NOx generation owing to the higher temperatures developed in the combustion chamber. In this study, part-cooled EGR is applied in varying rates (12%, 18%, 24%) in order to analyze the effects produced in the performance and emission characteristics of a multicylinder MPFI engine fuelled by 100% LPG at four different loading conditions and four different operating speeds. It can be observed that the application of an optimum rate of cooled EGR reduces the NOx emissions drastically even though at the expense of hydrocarbon emissions. The fuel consumption of the test engine is reduced up to 12.28% with the application of 18% percentage of part-cooled EGR. It can be inferred from the experimental studies that 18% part-cooled EGR is the optimum flow rate of recirculation which is most effective during the part load operation of the engine (50–75%) and at higher engine speeds. However, the emission of oxides of nitrogen reduced by 7.8% at 24% recirculation. The statistical analysis of combustion shows a reduction in combustion stability with increased flow of recirculation. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
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    Experimental Analysis of Synergetic Effect of Part-Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Magnetic Field-Assisted Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Oommen, L.P.; Gottekere Narayanappa, K.G.; Shivaprasad, S.K.
    Magnetic field-assisted combustion has been under the focus of research for the last three decades around the globe. The effects of strong uniform and gradient magnetic fields on flame development, behaviour and propagation have been studied, and their applications have been experimented on Internal Combustion Engines. The present work investigates the synergetic effect of part-cooled EGR on the magnetic field-assisted combustion of liquefied petroleum gas in a multicylinder MPFI spark-ignited engine modified for neat LPG operation. Sintered neo-delta magnets with radial magnetization pattern of four different magnetic intensities (0G, 3200G, 4800G and 6400G) are fastened to the fuel line near to the gas injector with a non-magnetic stainless steel integument to prevent any loss of magnetic intensities during the operation. A portion of the exhaust gas is channelled to an intercooler and an optimum percentage of the partially cooled gases are inducted into the inlet manifold for combustion. The experimental study concludes that the optimum flow rate of part-cooled EGR acts synergistically with the applied magnetic fields to enhance the combustion characteristics of LPG emanating an improved fuel economy of 13.8% and brake thermal efficiency of 3.9%. The increased emission of oxides of Nitrogen which is the major setback of LPG combustion can be addressed through the combined effect of part-cooled EGR and magnetic field-assisted combustion. Moreover, the reduction in stability of combustion through the recirculation of exhaust can also be balanced by the applied magnetic field. © 2020, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
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    Optimizing Solid Waste Management: A Holistic Approach by Informed Carbon Emission Reduction
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Hegde, S.; Sumith, N.; Pinto, T.; Shukla, S.; Patidar, V.
    Reducing carbon monoxide (CO) emissions is imperative for safeguarding human health and environment. CO adversely affects respiratory health, contributing to respiratory problems and, in severe cases, fatalities. Its reduction aligns with the broader efforts to combat climate change, as CO is often emitted alongside other greenhouse gases. Environmental consequences include air pollution and its detrimental impact on ecosystems. Compliance with emission standards is essential, and reducing Carbon emissions can lead to social and economic benefits, such as increased productivity and reduced healthcare costs. Moreover, the focus on emission reduction drives technological innovation, fostering the development of cleaner and sustainable technologies. In essence, addressing CO emissions is vital for creating a healthier, more sustainable future. However, in most of the cases, there has been no much importance given in scientific management of solid wastes. This has therefore resulted in large magnitude of carbon emission causing serious implications. This paper presents a novel approach to solid waste management, combining carbon emission assessment with advanced object detection technology. We develop an integrated waste management model that employs machine learning techniques for the identification and categorization of metals, non-metals, and plastics within the solid waste stream. To optimize waste sorting and recycling processes, we implement an efficient object detection system that leverages computer vision algorithms. This system enhances the precision of material identification within solid waste, thereby improving sorting accuracy. Additionally, we establish a database to quantify carbon emissions associated with distinct waste management methods, encompassing incineration, composting, recycling, bioremediation, and landfills is used for this work. The novelty of the work lies in the integration of CO2 emissions data and object detection resulting into a decision-making model, providing a holistic evaluation of the environmental impact of varied waste management scenarios. The formulation of recommendations for sustainable waste management practices based on the integrated assessment of carbon footprints and material identification is easy to implement in real world.The technical framework proposed here, aims to inform decision-makers on adopting environmentally conscious strategies for waste management. © 2024 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
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    Biochar-concrete: A comprehensive review of properties, production and sustainability
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Kanavaris, F.
    The utilisation of biochar in concrete has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in enhancing the properties and sustainability of this construction material. This in-depth review delves into various aspects of biochar-concrete composites. It commences by defining biochar and exploring its production methods, physical and chemical properties. Additionally, the review provides an overview of concrete, emphasising its composition, properties and the challenges associated with traditional production methods. The incorporation of biochar in concrete brings forth several benefits, such as improved strength and durability, enhanced thermal properties and the potential for carbon sequestration. The paper examines the production process of biochar-concrete composites, covering aspects like incorporation methods, biochar selection, mixing techniques and quality control measures. Furthermore, the sustainability aspects of biochar-concrete are evaluated, considering its environmental impact, life cycle assessment, carbon footprint reduction and economic feasibility. The review also addresses the challenges and future perspectives of biochar-concrete composites, along with opportunities for research and development. This comprehensive review presents valuable insights into the properties, production and sustainability of biochar-concrete composites. It serves as a guide for further advancements in the realm of sustainable construction. © 2024 The Authors