Faculty Publications

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/18736

Publications by NITK Faculty

Browse

Subject: search.filters.subject.Ductile fracture

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 22
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ductile cast iron was austenitized at four different temperatures and subsequently austempered at six different temperatures. Plane strain fracture toughness was evaluated under all the heat treatment conditions and correlated with the microstructural features such as the austenite content and the carbon content of the austenite. Fracture mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the optimum austempering temperature for maximum fracture toughness decreased with increasing austenitizing temperature. This could be interpreted in terms of the microstructural features. A study of the fracture mechanism revealed that good fracture toughness is unlikely to be obtained when austempering temperature is less than half of the austenitizing temperature on the absolute scale. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
    (Elsevier BV, Investigations on the fracture toughness of austempered ductile irons austenitized at different temperatures) Prasad Rao, R.; Putatunda, S.K.
    2003
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Improvement in fracture toughness of austempered ductile iron by two-step austempering process
    (2010) Ravishankar, K.S.; Prasad Rao, P.P.; Udupa, K.R.
    Ductile cast iron samples were austenitised at 900°C and subjected to two types of austempering called as conventional austempering and two-step austempering. Five different temperatures, 280, 300, 320, 350, 380 and 400°C, with an austempering time of 2 h, were chosen for conventional austempering. For two-step austempering process, the first step temperatures were 280, 300 and 320°C. The samples were austempered at each of these temperatures for different times, i.e. 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min, and then upquenched to higher temperature of 400°C for 2 h. Fracture toughness and tensile studies were carried out under all these austempering conditions. During conventional austempering, the fracture toughness initially increased with increasing austempering temperature, reached a peak value of 63 MPa m 1/2 and dropped with further increase in temperature. During the two-step austempering, fracture toughness was found to increase with increasing first step time. The curve shifted to higher values of fracture toughness as the first step temperature was decreased and the maximum value of 78 MPa m 1/2 was obtained. The results of the fracture toughness study and the fractographic examination were correlated with microstructural features such as bainitic morphology, the volume fraction of retained austenite, and its carbon content. Ferrite lath size and stability of the retained austenite were found to influence the fracture toughness. © 2010 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Experimental investigation of effect of specimen thickness on fracture toughness of Al-TiC composites
    (Gruppo Italiano Frattura, 2016) Raviraj, M.S.; Sharanaprabhu, C.M.; Mohan Kumar, G.C.
    In this paper, the macro and micro-mechanical fracture behavior was studied for aluminum (Al6061) alloy matrix, reinforced with various proportions of TiC particles such as 3wt%, 5wt% and 7wt%. The Al6061-TiC metal matrix composites were produced by stir casting method to ensure uniform distribution of the TiC particulates in the Al matrix. The compact tension (CT) specimens were machined according to ASTM E399 specifications to evaluate the fracture toughness for Al6061-TiC metal matrix composites. The CT specimens were machined for crack to width (a/W) ratio of 0.5 and thickness to width (B/W) ratios of 0.2 to 0.7 with an increment of 0.1. Load versus crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) data was plotted to estimate stress intensity factor KQ for various thicknesses of the specimen. The fracture toughness KIC was obtained by plotting stress intensity factor versus thickness to width ratios of specimen data. The fracture toughness of these composites varied between 16.4-19.2 MPa?m. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) studies was made on the fractured surface of the specimens to understand the micro-mechanisms of failure involve in these composites. Void initiation is more significant in the matrix near the interface. The micro-cracks grow from these micro-voids and crack propagates by linking these micro cracks locating the crack path preferentially in the matrix adjacent to the interface indicating ductile fracture. © 2016, Gruppo Italiano Frattura. All rights reserved.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Development and properties evaluation of Mg-6% Zn/Al multilayered composites processed by accumulative roll bonding
    (Cambridge University Press, 2017) Anne, G.; Ramesh, M.R.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.; Arya, S.B.; Sahu, S.
    Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process was used to develop Mg-6% Zn/Al and Mg-6% Zn/anodized-Al multilayered composites. Microstructural characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. An average grain size measured in the roll-bonded layers of Al, anodized Al, and Mg-2% Zn was found to be 1.8 ?m, 1.6 ?m, and 0.6 ?m, respectively. Phases Al17Mg12, AlMg4Zn11, and Al2O3 after 5-pass of ARB were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The Mg-6% Zn/Al and Mg-6% Zn/anodized Al composites exhibited tensile strengths ?252 MPa and ?256 MPa, respectively, after a 5-pass ARB process. Hardness of the individual layers of composite increased linearly with an increase in the number of ARB passes. Fractographs of the multilayered composite illustrated the ductile failure in Al and anodized Al layers and transgranular brittle fracture in Mg-6% Zn layers. © Materials Research Society 2017.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Elevated Temperature Solid Particle Erosion Performance of Plasma-Sprayed Co-based Composite Coatings with Additions of Al2O3 and CeO2
    (Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2017) Nithin, H.S.; Desai, V.; Ramesh, M.R.
    In this paper, investigation into solid particle erosion behavior of atmospheric plasma-sprayed composite coating of CoCrAlY reinforced with Al2O3 and CeO2 oxides on Superni 76 at elevated temperature of 600 °C is presented. Alumina particles are used as erodent at two impact angles of 30° and 90°. The microstructure, porosity, hardness, toughness and adhesion properties of the as-sprayed coatings are studied. The effects of temperature and phase transformation in the coatings during erosion process are analyzed using XRD and EDS techniques. Optical profilometer is used for accurate elucidation of erosion volume loss. CoCrAlY/CeO2 coating showed better erosion resistance with a volume loss of about 50% of what was observed in case of CoCrAlY/Al2O3/YSZ coating. Lower erosion loss is observed at 90° as compared to 30° impact angle. The erosion mechanism evaluated using SEM micrograph revealed that the coatings experienced ductile fracture exhibiting severe deformation with unusual oxide cracks. Reinforced metal oxides provide shielding effect for erodent impact, enabling better erosion resistance. The oxidation of the coating due to high-temperature exposure reforms erosion process into oxidation-modified erosion process. © 2017, ASM International.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Strength enhancement of magnesium alloy through equal channel angular pressing and laser shock peening
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Praveen, T.R.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.; Swaroop, S.; Gopi, K.R.
    AM80 magnesium alloy was processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing up to 2 passes under route BC and C, to study the effect of change in microstructure. Microstructures were examined under optical microscope. Samples processed by route BC showed heterogeneous grain structure with good tensile strength compared to that processed by route C. Tensile tests of 2-pass equal channel angular pressed samples showed high tensile strength under route BC. Laser shock peening without coating was carried out on route BC sample for further grain refinement on the surface. Laser pulses with power density of 8 GW cm?2, under different percentages of cover, were used to peen the surface at high strain rate. Microstructures were analysed through scanning and transmission electron microscope, and fine grains of less than 100 nm were observed. Tensile tests indicated that the laser shock peened samples had increased strength and ductility. Fracture details from tensile tested specimens, were examined under SEM. Mixed mode of brittle and ductile fractures was observed in ECAP processed samples. Fracture surface of Laser shock peening without coating treated on equal channel angular pressed samples showed small dimples near the peened surface and intensity of dimples increased with increase in percentage of cover. Wear test was carried out on before and after Laser shock peening without coating processed samples, on pin-on-disc wear test machine. Increase in friction coefficients and wear rate was observed due to roughness induced by peening effect and it decreased after increase in sliding distance due to increase in hardness. Nano indentation experiments were carried out to examine the mechanical characterization at nano level, and it expose the effect of LSPwC in terms of increase in hardness at peened region. © 2020
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Optimisation of recycled concrete aggregates for cement-treated bases by response surface method
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Chiranjeevi, K.; Kumar, D.H.; Srinivasa, A.S.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.
    Sustainability is a primary concern that needs to be addressed since infrastructure development requires significant natural resources. Using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for road construction has numerous benefits in saving natural resources and the environment. In the present investigation, the demolition waste is being used for road construction, partially/fully replacing natural aggregates. The Cement Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregate (CTRCA) specimens were prepared at 3%, 5%, and 7% cement with various blends of RCA and Natural Coarse Aggregates (NCA) ranging from 0 to 100%. The strength characteristics in terms of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Flexural Strength (FS), Elastic Modulus, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and durability tests were conducted on cured samples. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) revealed that the pores and cracks in the old mortar have a detrimental influence on the mechanical properties of CTRCA mixes. However, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and durability tests have shown positive results. The Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilised to optimise the RCA and cement content in CTRCA mixes. The research resulted in the maximum possible RCA of up to 70% with a cement content of 5.8%, which met the Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications for Cement Treated Bases (CTB). © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Numerical study on the effect of steel fibers on fracture and size effect in concrete beams
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Yadav, D.; Prashanth, M.H.; Kumar, N.
    The construction sector uses concrete extensively all around the world. Concrete contains a lot of microcracks even before it is loaded. When a tensile force is applied, these microcracks attempt to open up. While designing, the strength of concrete in its tensile zone is ignored. The strength and ductility of the concrete can be improved due to the addition of steel fibers. Steel fibers use a bridge mechanism to restrict the micro-cracks spread. This study uses ABAQUS to numerically analyze the behaviour of the Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) beams. Two grades of concrete are studied, M20 and M60, for varying volumetric percentages of steel fibers. It was observed from the study that the ultimate load increases by around 52% and 41% for M25 and M60 grade concrete, respectively, by adding 1% of steel fiber. Fracture properties such as fracture toughness and fracture energy are calculated. The addition of steel fibers enhanced fracture toughness and energy significantly. Adding 1% fiber increases fracture toughness by around 56% and 34% and fracture energy by around 169% and 136% for M25 and M60 concrete, respectively. The size effect on SFRC beams is studied to determine the size-independent fracture parameters. © 2023
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Failure of Soap Extruder Bolt Assembly
    (Springer, 2023) Kumar, J.K.R.; Mogra, N.; Padasale, B.; Dsilva, P.C.; Sondar, P.; Hegde, S.R.
    Present work investigates failure of EN8 steel bolt in a bolt–pin assembly that was used as a fastener in an industrial soap extruder. Unexpectedly, EN19 steel pin that is supposedly the sacrificial element in the assembly remained intact. The investigation follows standard failure-analysis procedure comprising, site-visit, visual inspection, metallography, mechanical-testing, design-analysis, numerical stress-analysis, and fractography. The design-analysis finds that the materials of construction were mistakenly swapped between the pin and the bolt that caused plastic-deformation, necking, and eventual failure of the bolt during operational peak-loading condition. The numerical stress analysis illustrates that the bolts failed at the thread-root region that acted as the stress-raiser. Additionally, the investigation finds that poor-quality machining left-behind jagged thread-root profile that increased the stress-concentration furthermore. The metallography and the fractography indicate that a transverse crack that was initiated at poorly machined thread-root led to the brittle fracture of the bolt. The investigation illustrates how human errors can cause recurring failure of critical components leading to production losses and makes suitable recommendations to prevent such failures in the future. © 2023, ASM International.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Tensile Behaviour of Double-Edge Notched Flax Braided Yarn Woven Fabric Reinforced PLA Composite
    (Korean Fiber Society, 2023) Kanakannavar, S.; Pitchaimani, J.; Goh, K.-L.
    Biodegradable composites were fabricated from poly-lactic acid (PLA) reinforced by flax braided-yarn woven fabric. Composites with different fabric content (corresponding to the 1, 2 and 3 layers of fabric respectively) were obtained by solution casting and compression moulding processes. Tensile fracture properties were evaluated using the double-edge-notch-tension (DENT) test. A scanning electron microscope was used to look at the fractographic features. Reinforcement of braided-yarn fabric resulted in enhanced tensile fracture strength (σf) and toughness of PLA composite. Fracture toughness (KIC) of the composite improved with the fibre contents, namely 64, 79 and 89%, which correspond to 1, 2 and 3 layers of fabric. The improvement in the tensile fracture characteristics of the composites could be contributed by the presence of an effective interfacial bonding of fibre matrix. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society.