Faculty Publications

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Emergence, Evolution, and Applications of Medical Cyber-Physical Systems
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rathore, R.; Bhowmik, B.
The speedy advancement of technology has given rise to a new era of engineered systems called cyber-physical systems (CPS), which are redefining lifestyles worldwide through computer, networking, and control technologies. From health care to transportation, CPS has transformed several industries. By bringing about significant improvements in patient care, diagnosis, and treatment, Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) transform the healthcare industry. Exploration of the area is, therefore, imperative. The paper discusses the trajectory of MPCS. It covers the development, necessity, and significance of MCPS. Next, we examine the various uses of MCPS in contemporary life. We then look at many issues and current developments in the medical organization. It makes it easier for patients, medical professionals, and equipment to share information effectively, which allows for prompt decision-making and preventative measures. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
FedCure: A Heterogeneity-Aware Personalized Federated Learning Framework for Intelligent Healthcare Applications in IoMT Environments
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Sachin, D.N.; Annappa, B.; Hegde, S.; Abhijit, C.S.; Ambesange, S.
The advent of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices has led to a healthcare revolution, introducing a new era of smart applications driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI). These advanced technologies have greatly influenced the healthcare industry and have played a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life globally. Federated Learning (FL) has become popular as a technique to create models that can be shared universally using the vast datasets collected from IoMT devices while maintaining data privacy. However, the complex variations in IoMT environments, including diverse devices, data characteristics, and model complexities, create challenges for the straightforward application of traditional FL methods. Consequently, it is not well-suited for deployment in such contexts. This paper introduces FedCure, a personalized FL framework tailored for intelligent IoMT-based healthcare applications operating within a cloud-edge architecture. FedCure is adept at addressing the challenges within IoMT environments by employing personalized FL techniques that can effectively mitigate the impact of heterogeneity. Furthermore, the integration of edge computing technology enhances processing speed and minimizes latency in intelligent IoMT applications. Lastly, this research showcases several case studies encompassing IoMT-based applications, such as Eye Retinopathy Detection, Diabetes Monitoring, Maternal Health, Remote Health Monitoring, and Human Activity Recognition. These case studies provide a means to assess the effectiveness of the proposed FedCure framework and showcase exceptional performance with accuracy and minimal communication overhead, especially in addressing the challenges posed by heterogeneity. © 2013 IEEE.
Federated learning for digital healthcare: concepts, applications, frameworks, and challenges
(Springer, 2024) Sachin, D.N.; Annappa, B.; Ambesange, S.
Various hospitals have adopted digital technologies in the healthcare sector for various healthcare-related applications. Due to the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, digital transformation has taken place in many domains, especially in the healthcare domain; it has streamlined various healthcare activities. With the advancement in technology concept of telemedicine evolved over the years and led to personalized healthcare and drug discovery. The use of machine learning (ML) technique in healthcare enables healthcare professionals to make a more accurate and early diagnosis. Training these ML models requires a massive amount of data, including patients’ personal data, that need to be protected from unethical use. Sharing these data to train ML models may violate data privacy. A distributed ML paradigm called federated learning (FL) has allowed different medical research institutions, hospitals, and healthcare devices to train ML models without sharing raw data. This survey paper overviews existing research work on FL-related use cases and applications. This paper also discusses the state-of-the-art tools and techniques available for FL research, current shortcomings, and future challenges in using FL in healthcare. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Smart client selection strategies for enhanced federated learning in digital healthcare applications
(Springer, 2025) Sachin, D.N.; Annappa, B.; Ambesange, S.
Federated Learning (FL) trains AI models in healthcare without sharing patient data. FL computes client models locally and combines them to create a global model. However, involving all clients is impractical due to resource limitations. Random selection of a subset of clients in each FL round can pose challenges for resource-limited devices, leading to longer processing times and potential training failures. To tackle these obstacles, this research proposes a novel strategy for FL that treats each training round as a client selection process to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of FL in healthcare applications, where data privacy is paramount. The approach begins by calculating the uncertainty value for each client, which quantifies the contribution of the client’s data to the overall model. Clients are then ranked based on their uncertainty values, and those with higher loss values are given a higher probability of participating in the training process. The experimental outcomes clearly show that the proposed strategy effectively makes 1.3x training faster, and 30% lowers communication expenses, conserves computational resources, and enhances model performance when contrasted with random client selection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

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