Faculty Publications
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Item Evaluation of methyl esters of mahua oil (mahua indica) as diesel fuel(2008) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.There is increasing interest in India for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This search has led to mahua oil (MO) as one alternative for diesel fuel in India. Mahua oil methyl esters (MOME) were prepared by transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing was done to determine the conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel (MOME). The properties of MOME were close to those of diesel oil. Engine testing was conducted using a single-cylinder 4-stroke direct-injection, constant-speed compression-ignition diesel engine using MO, MOME and B20 as fuels. The engine ran smoothly with MOME and B20, but heavy smoke emissions were observed when MO was used as fuel. © 2007 AOCS.Item 6BTA 5.9 G2-1 Cummins engine performance and emission tests using methyl ester mahua (Madhuca indica) oil/diesel blends(2009) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, C.H.; Reddy, R.P.Neat mahua oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. The transesterification of mahua oil can reduce these problems. The use of biodiesel fuel as substitute for conventional petroleum fuel in heavy-duty diesel engine is receiving an increasing amount of attention. This interest is based on the properties of bio-diesel including the fact that it is produced from a renewable resource, its biodegradability and potential to exhaust emissions. A Cummins 6BTA 5.9 G2- 1, 158 HP rated power, turbocharged, DI, water cooled diesel engine was run on diesel, methyl ester of mahua oil and its blends at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The volumetric blending ratios of biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel were set at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, HC and NOx) were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on biodiesel. The results indicate that with the increase of biodiesel in the blends CO, HC reduces significantly, fuel consumption and NOx emission of biodiesel increases slightly compared with diesel. Brake specific energy consumption decreases and thermal efficiency of engine slightly increases when operating on 20% biodiesel than that operating on diesel. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Synthesis of biodiesel from edible and non-edible oils and characterisation(2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.; Varun, J.D.In recent years, biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention because of scarcity and increasing cost of fossil fuels and growing emissions of combustion related pollutants. In the present work, biodiesel was synthesised via the transesterification of edible and non-edible oils such as gingili and mahua, with methanol as alcohol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The yield percentage obtained from non-edible mahua oil was comparable to that obtained from edible gingili oil, under optimum conditions. According to American Society of Testing and Methods (ASTM), several tests were conducted to characterise the biodiesel in relation to diesel oil, in order to evaluate various physical, chemical and thermal properties such as viscosity, acid value, iodine value, flash point, fire point and calorific value. From the results, it was observed that the fuel properties of biodiesel produced from mahua oil and gingili oil were within the recommended standards of biodiesel fuel of various countries. Hence the biodiesel produced from gingili oil and mahua oil can be used as a renewable alternative fuel for the diesel engine. © 2009 Energy Institute.Item Effect of using Mahua as an alternative fuel in diesel engine(2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.; Reddy, R.P.There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of non-edible Mahua Oil (MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil in India. The objective of the present work is to use MO as a partial renewable alternative substitute for diesel in the agricultural diesel engine. Since the viscosity of the MO is high, it was blended with conventional diesel oil in various proportions (M5, M10, M15 and M20 on volume basis) and fuel properties of the blends were determined and compared with the diesel. Engine tests were carried out on a single cylinder diesel engine at varying loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), without making any modification in the fuel injection system and the results were compared with the diesel. The M5 and M10 blends resulted in performance and emission characteristics comparable to diesel operation and also emits lower carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke emissions as compared to other blends. From the analysis, it is concluded that the MO can be partially substituted for diesel oil in the diesel engine, without making any modification in the hardware of the engine.Item Combustion characteristics of diesel engine operating on jatropha oil methyl ester(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2010) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops, and oil bearing biomass materials. Non-edible vegetable oils such as jatropha oil, linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil, karanji oil, etc., are potentially effective diesel substitute. Vegetable oils have reasonable energy content. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. It can be used in diesel engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has combustion characteristics similar to petroleum diesel. The current paper reports a study carried out to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of jatropha oil methyl ester and its blend B20 (80% petroleum diesel and 20% jatropha oil methyl ester) and diesel fuel on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injections, water cooled diesel engine. This study gives the comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, smoke opacity, HC, NOx, ignition delay, cylinder peak pressure, and peak heat release rates. The engine performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions of blend B20 fuel operation was observed and compared with jatropha oil methyl ester and petroleum diesel fuel for injection timing of 20° bTDC, 23° bTDC and 26° bTDC at injection opening pressure of 220 bar.Item The effect of karanja oil methyl ester on Kirloskar HA394DI diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2010) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, Ch.; Reddy, R.P.Biofuels are being investigated as potential substitutes for current high pollutant fuels obtained from the conventional sources. The primary problem associated with using straight vegetable oil as fuel in a compression ignition engine is caused by viscosity. The process of transesterifiction of vegetable oil with methyl alcohol provides a significant reduction in viscosity, thereby enhancing the physical properties of vegetable oil. The Kirloskar HA394 compression ignition, multi cylinder diesel engine does not require any modification to replace diesel by karanja methyl ester. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential of karanja oil methyl ester and its blend with diesel from 20% to 80% by volume. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power of the mixture is closed to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that the blend of karanja ester and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and in terms of emission parameters; it is an environmental friendly fuel.Item Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on fish oil methyl esters(2010) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, Ch.; Reddy, R.P.The high viscosity of fish oil leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. The inefficient mixing of fish oil with air leads to incomplete combustion. The best way to use fish oil as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines is to convert it into biodiesel. It can be used in CI engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has properties similar to mineral diesel. Combustion tests for methyl ester of fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel were performed in a kirloskar H394 DI diesel engine, to evaluate fish biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine, at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The tests showed no major deviations in diesel engine's combustion as well as no significant changes in the engine performance and reduction of main noxious emissions with the exception on NOx. Overall fish biodiesel showed good combustion properties and environmental benefits. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Preparation and characterization of PPSU membranes with BiOCl nanowafers loaded on activated charcoal for oil in water separation(Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2017) Nayak, M.C.; Isloor, A.M.; Moslehyani, A.; A.F., A.F.Bismuth oxychloride nanowafers were synthesized and loaded on activated charcoal (BiOCl-AC) and were used as a novel additive to prepare polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes along with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore forming agent by phase inversion technique. The BiOCl nanowafers were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The PPSU hybrid membranes were characterized by SEM studies. The cross sectional images of the membranes along with the elemental mapping of membrane surface were assessed by using SEM and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Hydrophilicity of the membranes was evaluated by contact angle, porosity and water uptake studies. The permeability of the membranes was determined by pure water flux (PWF). Membranes were also subjected to antifouling studies using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the standard protein for rejection studies. The membranes showed greater permeability and antifouling property with the addition of BiOCl-AC. A unique cross flow ultrafiltration method was used to study the oil rejection results of both diesel fuel and crude oil. The experimental results of oil in water separation by the membrane M-3, showed 80% rejection for diesel fuel and 90.74% rejection for crude oil. © 2017 Taiwan Institute of Chemical EngineersItem Impact of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI mini truck engine under the influence of EGR(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Biofuels are the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. In the present renewable energy world, alcohols are gaining prime importance due to their nature of production and fuel properties. The present work aims to investigate the impact of 1-Hexanol and exhaust gas recirculation (10% and 20%) on engine characteristics of the common rail direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiment is carried out on a bench engine. The fraction of 1-Hexanol is varied from 10% to 40% in a step of 10% by volume. The results demonstrate that the use of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends lowers the cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature, which is 4.25% and 1.88% lower at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol compared to neat diesel fuel operation. The combustion duration is increased by 2.66?CA for 40% 1-Hexanol at 60% load compared to neat diesel fuel. However, an improvement in net heat release rate is noted which is 13.95% higher at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol, this increment is due to prolonged ignition delay. With the use of 1-Hexanol in the engine, there is a drastic reduction in nitrogen oxide emission is observed, this is the greatest impact of 1-Hexanol. However, a slight increment in the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission is also noted due to poor fuel properties like lower cetane number, higher viscosity and higher latent heat of evaporation of 1-Hexanol. Compared to all other blends in the test 10% 1-Hexanol shows comparable results with pure diesel fuel, which is only 2.37% lower in brake thermal efficiency, 3.6% higher in brake specific fuel consumption, 17.55% lower in nitrogen oxide emission, 18.18% higher in hydrocarbon and 33.33% higher in carbon monoxide emission is noted. The exhaust gas recirculation helps in reducing the NOx emission, 40% 1-Hexanol is less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation. Up to 40% of 1-Hexanol can be used in the CI engine without any modification. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol is a sustainable renewable biofuel due to the reason that even though the use of 1-Hexanol lowers the performance which helps in reducing the NOx emission greatly; the performance can be improved by modifying the engine parameters. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of dairy-washed milk scum biodiesel in a dual cylinder compression ignition engine(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2020) Srikanth, H.V.; Venkatesh, J.; Godiganur, S.; Manne, B.; Bharath Kumar, S.; Spurthy, S.The present work has been carried out to study the suitability of milk dairy waste scum (MDWS) biodiesel as a fuel for diesel engine. The investigations were carried out on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection dual cylinder diesel engine fueled with MDWS methyl ester, and their blends. Two-step transesterification process was used to synthesize the MDWS biodiesel, characterization according to specified ASTM D6751-15C standards. The performance characteristics studies showed an increased brake thermal efficiency of B20 (3%) and B30 (0.94%) blends in comparison to fossil diesel. However, the increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was also found with all the fuel blends and an higher (9%) BSFC was obtained with B50 compared to diesel fuel at full load condition. The emissions of blends were found to be lower in comparison with diesel fuel, except for nitrogen oxides. A 32% increase in NOx emission was found with B50 blend compared to diesel fuel at maximum load condition. However, improved combustion characteristics would found with MDWS blends with respect to in-cylinder pressure, ignition delay, and heat release rate compared to fossil diesel. © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.