Faculty Publications

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    Inference of optimal speed for sound centrifugal casting of tin
    (Metallurgical Society of CIM, 2009) Mukunda, P.G.; Rao, S.; Rao, S.S.
    During centrifugal casting when a mould is rotated at low and very high speeds, defects are found in the final castings. Obtaining the critical speed for sound castings should not be a matter of guessing but based on experience. The defects in the casting are mainly due to the behaviour of the molten metal during the teeming and solidification process. The motion of molten metal at various speeds and its effect during casting are addressed in this paper. Tin is taken as an experiment fluid and its performance during various rotational speeds is discussed. The microstructures and hardness of all the castings are also investigated. © Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
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    Influence of Sn doping on photoluminescence and photoelectrochemical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays
    (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Santhosh Kumar, A.S.; Huang, N.M.; Nagaraja, H.S.
    Herein, the nanostructured Sn containing ZnO is directly synthesized on the surface of substrate by modified sol gel approach under low-temperature condition. The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman-scattering, photoluminescence (PL) and photoelectrochemical analyses. The SEM micrographs show that the undoped and 1 at. % Sn doped films are composed of nanorods and the concentration of 2 at. % Sn doping hinders the rod-like structure's growth and modulates into granular nature. The investigations of XRD reveal that the synthesized undoped and Sn doped ZnO nanorods possess a perfect hexagonal growth habit of wurtzite zinc oxide, along the (002) direction of preference. The Raman spectra demonstrate that the vibrational mode of E1(LO), which is very weak in undoped and 1at. % Sn doped ZnO, is strongly enhanced with 2 at. % Sn doping into ZnO lattice. PL spectra show that strong UV emission in pure and 1 at. % Sn doped ZnO, while there is dominant green emission in 2 at. % Sn doped ZnO. Moreover, all the samples are photo electrochemically active and exhibit the highest photocurrent of 28 ?A for the 1 at. % Sn doped ZnO nanorod arrays in 0.2M Na2SO4 electrolyte, on light irradiation. Time dependent photoresponse tests are carried out by measuring the photocurrent under chopped light irradiation. © 2014 The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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    A large-scale-oriented growth of ZnO nanorod array on glass substrate: Growth, structural and photoluminoscent properties
    (National Institute of Optoelectronics, 2014) Santhosh Kumar, A.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
    We report a modified sol gel route for one step fabrication of large scale arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The method is seed layer free, and nanorods are directly attached to a substrate. We studied the effect of PVA content on growth, crystallanity, orientation, microstructure and optical properties of ZnO. The XRD patterns confirm that samples grown with PVA have good crystallanity with (002) preferred orientation. The SEM micrographs show that the 1 Wt% PVA assisted grown films are covered with large scale oriented nanorod array. Raman spectrum represents that the 1 wt% PVA assisted grown ZnO nanostructures are highly crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase. The room temperature PL spectrum exhibits a strong and sharp UV emission, which confirms that the grown arrays have good optical properties with few structural defects such as oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials.
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    Synthesis and characterisation of nickel oxide nanofibre webs with alcohol sensing characteristics
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014) George, G.; Anandhan, S.
    In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) nanofibres were obtained by a sol-gel electrospinning process followed by calcination from an aqueous sol of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/nickel acetate tetrahydrate. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the degradation temperature of the composite fibres, so as to get nickel oxide nanofibres. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies revealed the complete elimination of the organic phase from NiO fibres during calcination. The change in grain size with calcination temperature was determined by X-ray diffraction. The defects in fibres resulted in the modification of their Raman spectra as compared with that of a single crystal. The magnetic properties of the fibres were reduced as the calcination temperature was increased; this is due to the presence of non-stoichiometric defects. As the calcination temperature was increased, the amount of defects was reduced, which induced a difference in the band gap energy of the fibres. Sensitivity of the NiO fibres towards five different alcohols was studied, and the sensitivity towards ethanol was the highest. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.
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    Selection criteria for decorative dimension stones
    (CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2014) Manjunatha, B.R.; Venkat Reddy, D.V.; Krishnakumar, K.N.; Balakrishna, K.; Manjunatha, H.V.; Gurumurthy, G.P.
    Selection of decorative dimension stones suitable for exterior and interior decorations is one of the challenging tasks for geologists, architectural, structural and civil engineers. Therefore, understanding the knowledge of general properties of commercial grade rocks and their quality assessment are at most important before selecting stones for construction. In many instances, decorative dimension stones are usually preferred on the basis proximity. In such cases, the colour and textural characteristics may not only be suitable, but also weather out faster. In some instances, specific design may not suits the structure due to masking colour and other inherent defects. One of the secrets behind the success of commercial stone industry is the production of defect-free decorative dimension stone blocks. Generally, not all rocks available in the earth’s crust are suitable for architectural and civil engineering construction purposes. In this study, the main criteria for the selection of commercial grade decorative dimension rocks will be discussed along with their trade names. Sometimes, trade names of rocks confuse with generic names. Here, therefore, both names of rocks, particularly marketed in India are given to avoid confusion among geologists, engineers and business persons. In addition, non-destructive methods of testing the mechanical properties of rocks - such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and uniaxial compressive strength are discussed. These methods seem to substitute the conventional, hazardous and destructive method of testing of decorative dimension stones. ©2014 Cafet-Innova Technical Society. All rights reserved.
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    Glass fiber-supported NiO nanofiber webs for reduction of CO and hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engine exhaust
    (Cambridge University Press, 2014) George, G.; Anandhan, S.
    In this study, nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NACTH)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) sol was used for the fabrication of nanocrystalline NiO nanofibers. An indigenous setup was developed to use these nanofibers for the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) from diesel engine exhaust. The morphological, compositional, and crystalline properties of the NiO nanofibers obtained after calcination were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Clear evidence of defects in the fibers was observed in ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectra, Raman spectra, and magnetic property measurements. The NiO nanofiber mats supported by glass fiber mats were efficient in oxidizing CO and HC from diesel engine exhaust, and the maximum efficiency was achieved by using NiO nanofibers with the maximum amount of defects. © © Materials Research Society 2014.
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    Glass fiber-supported NiO nanofiber webs for reduction of CO and hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engine exhaust
    (Cambridge University Press, 2014) George, G.; Anandhan, S.
    In this study, nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NACTH)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) sol was used for the fabrication of nanocrystalline NiO nanofibers. An indigenous setup was developed to use these nanofibers for the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) from diesel engine exhaust. The morphological, compositional, and crystalline properties of the NiO nanofibers obtained after calcination were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Clear evidence of defects in the fibers was observed in ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectra, Raman spectra, and magnetic property measurements. The NiO nanofiber mats supported by glass fiber mats were efficient in oxidizing CO and HC from diesel engine exhaust, and the maximum efficiency was achieved by using NiO nanofibers with the maximum amount of defects. © © Materials Research Society 2014.
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    Microstructure and hardness of friction stir welded aluminium-copper matrix-based composite reinforced with 10 wt-% SiCp
    (Maney Publishing, 2014) Shettigar, A.; Veeresh Nayak, C.; Herbert, M.A.; Rao, S.S.
    In the present work, an attempt has been made to join aluminium-copper matrix-based composite reinforced with 10 wt-% SiCp, by the friction stir welding technique, at different combinations of tool rotational speed (710, 1000 and 1400 rev mm1) and welding speed (50, 63 and 80 mm min1) using square profiled friction stir welding tool. Welding parameters play a predominant role in improving the mechanical strength by minimising the defects. A good number of defect free joints were obtained at various combinations of rotational speed and welding speed. It has been observed that, rotational speed and welding speed have strong influence on microstructure, Vickers hardness and quality of welds. © W. S. Maney &Son Ltd 2014.
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    Temperature dependent structural properties and bending rigidity of pristine and defective hexagonal boron nitride
    (Institute of Physics Publishing custserv@iop.org, 2015) Thomas, S.; Ajith, K.M.; Chandra, S.; Valsakumar, M.C.
    Structural and thermodynamical properties of monolayer pristine and defective boron nitride sheets (h-BN) have been investigated in a wide temperature range by carrying out atomistic simulations using a tuned Tersoff-type inter-atomic empirical potential. The temperature dependence of lattice parameter, radial distribution function, specific heat at constant volume, linear thermal expansion coefficient and the height correlation function of the thermally excited ripples on pristine as well as defective h-BN sheet have been investigated. Specific heat shows considerable increase beyond the Dulong-Petit limit at high temperatures, which is interpreted as a signature of strong anharmonicity present in h-BN. Analysis of the height fluctuations, ?h2?, shows that the bending rigidity and variance of height fluctuations are strongly temperature dependent and this is explained using the continuum theory of membranes. A detailed study of the height-height correlation function shows deviation from the prediction of harmonic theory of membranes as a consequence of the strong anharmonicity in h-BN. It is also seen that the variance of the height fluctuations increases with defect concentration. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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    Conduction Mechanism in n-CdSe/p-ZnTe Heterojunction
    (Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2016) Acharya, S.; Bangera, K.V.; Shivakumar, G.K.
    This work reports on fabrication using vacuum evaporation and characterization of n-CdSe/p-ZnTe heterojunctions. Before forming the junction, CdSe and ZnTe layers were characterized for crystal structure and chemical composition to account for observed electrical properties. The heterojunction was characterized by current–voltage (I–V) measurements, temperature dependence of reverse saturation current, admittance, and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. I–V characteristics of the heterojunction exhibited clear diode nature with rectification ratio of 9.05 at ±0.5 V and ideality factor n = 3.34. From the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristic, a barrier height ?b of 0.36 eV was determined for the CdSe–ZnTe junction. Conduction mechanism analysis revealed contributions from both thermionic and space-charge-limited conduction. Furthermore, the shunt leakage current was found to be space-charge limited, showing symmetry in current near V = 0 V. The dependence of capacitance on frequency and bias voltage has been analyzed to identify the bulk and interface defects. These measurements indicate the presence of bulk defects and high series resistance, severely affecting current transport. © 2016, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.