Faculty Publications
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Item Image processing approach to diagnose eye diseases(Springer Verlag service@springer.de, 2017) Prashasthi, P.; Shravya, K.S.; Deepak, A.; Mulimani, M.; Shashidhar, K.G.Image processing and machine learning techniques are used for automatic detection of abnormalities in eye. The proposed methodology requires a clear photograph of eye (not necessarily a fundoscopic image) from which the chromatic and spatial property of the sclera and iris is extracted. These features are used in the diagnosis of various diseases considered. The changes in the colour of iris is a symptom for corneal infections and cataract, the spatial distribution of different colours distinguishes diseases like subconjunctival haemorrhage and conjunctivitis, and the spatial arrangement of iris and sclera is an indicator of palsy. We used various classifiers of which adaboost classifier which was found to give a substantially high accuracy i.e., about 95% accuracy when compared to others (k-NN and naive-Bayes). To enumerate the accuracy of the method proposed, we used 150 samples in which 23% were used for testing and 77% were used for training. © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.Item Gender Detection using Handwritten Signatures(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Mohit Reddy, J.; Guru Pradeep Reddy, T.; Mishra, S.; Mulimani, M.; Koolagudi, S.G.In this paper, a method is proposed which uses both Image Processing and Machine Learning techniques which detects the gender of a person using handwritten signature. A photograph of a handwritten signature is given as input to the model which then extracts different features like pen pressure, slant angle, count external and internal contours etc. The features extracted from multiple images in the dataset are used to train the model, which then predicts the output of a new input given to it. Our objective is to collect unbiased datasets from a set of people and feed those signatures to the model, carrying out the statistical analysis and calculating the accuracy of the algorithm after every signature classification. We have used Adaboost classifier which gave a cross-validation accuracy of 73.2% compared to other classifiers like Gradient Boosting Classifier, Random Forest Trees and Multi-Layer Perceptron which gave 73.2%, 63.2% and 59.6% accuracies respectively. Copy Right © INDIACom-2018.Item Acoustic Event and Scene Classification: A Review(Springer, 2025) Mulimani, M.; Venkatesh, S.; Koolagudi, S.G.This paper gives deeper insight into the range of recent approaches developed and reported in the literature specifically for monophonic acoustic event classification (AEC), polyphonic acoustic event detection (AED) and acoustic scene classification (ASC) concerning datasets, features and classifiers. A list of datasets used for monophonic AEC, polyphonic AED and ASC is introduced. The features and classifiers used for monophonic AEC, polyphonic AED and ASC are reviewed with their success and failures. A list of the research issues is derived from the critical review of the available literature at the end of the paper. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Automatic identification of diabetic maculopathy stages using fundus images(2009) Nayak, J.; Subbanna Bhat, P.S.; Acharya, R.Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Twenty years after the onset of diabetes, almost all patients with type 1 diabetes and over 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes will have some degree of retinopathy. Prolonged diabetes retinopathy leads to maculopathy, which impairs the normal vision depending on the severity of damage of the macula. This paper presents a computer-based intelligent system for the identification of clinically significant maculopathy, non-clinically significant maculopathy and normal fundus eye images. Features are extracted from these raw fundus images which are then fed to the classifier. Our protocol uses feed-forward architecture in an artificial neural network classifier for classification of different stages. Three different kinds of eye disease conditions were tested in 350 subjects. We demonstrated a sensitivity of more than 95% for these classifiers with a specificity of 100%, and results are very promising. Our systems are ready to run clinically on large amounts of datasets. © 2009 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.Item Classification of Stability of Highwall During Highwall Mining: A Statistical Adaptive Learning Approach(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2015) Ram Chandar, K.; Hegde, C.; Yellishetty, M.; Gowtham Kumar, B.The depleting coal deposits day by day required the introduction of novel methods of mining like highwall mining. Highwall mining is a method of extraction of coal blocked in the highwall. The method involves considerable challenges in the area of roof control and most importantly the stability of the highwall itself. Highwall mining has gained considerable importance all over the world, owing to the fact that the coal otherwise would not be extracted forever. This paper aims to assess the influence of varying conditions which can affect the stability of the highwall during highwall mining. The effect of gallery length, width of pillar and number of galleries are systematically studied through field investigations where a highwall mining was adopted first time in India. Initially, assessment was carried out using a numerical modelling approach and then the stability of the highwall is classified using multilinear regression, logistic regression and naive Bayes classifier. This will provide a mechanism to predict the stability of the highwall in future cases of similar conditions. The classification is done using statistical adaptive learning methods and a comparison of the methods is done. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.Item Fault diagnosis studies of face milling cutter using machine learning approach(Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd claims@sagepub.com, 2016) Madhusudana, C.K.; Budati, S.; Gangadhar, N.; Kumar, H.; Narendranath, S.Successful automation of a machining process system requires an effective and efficient tool condition monitoring system to ensure high productivity, products of desired dimensions, and long machine tool life. As such the component's processing quality and increased system reliability will be guaranteed. This paper presents a classification of healthy and faulty conditions of the face milling tool by using the Naive Bayes technique. A set of descriptive statistical parameters is extracted from the vibration signals. The decision tree technique is used to select significant features out of all statistical extracted features. The selected features are fed to the Naive Bayes algorithm. The output of the algorithm is used to study and classify the milling tool condition and it is found that the Naive Bayes model is able to give 96.9% classification accuracy. Also the performances of the different classifiers are compared. Based on the results obtained, the Naive Bayes technique can be recommended for online monitoring and fault diagnosis of the face milling tool. © 2016 The Author(s).Item A Novel Decision Level Class-Wise Ensemble Method in Deep Learning for Automatic Multi-Class Classification of HER2 Breast Cancer Hematoxylin-Eosin Images(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Pateel, G.P.; Senapati, K.; Pandey, A.K.The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the aggressive subtypes of breast cancer. The HER2 status decides the requirement of breast cancer patients to receive HER2-targeted therapy. The HER2 testing involves combining Immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for cases where IHC results are equivocal. These tests may involve multiple trials, are time intensive, and tend to be more expensive for certain classes of people. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining is employed for visualizing general tissue morphology and is a routine, cost-effective method. In this study, we introduce a novel automated class-wise weighted average ensemble deep learning algorithm at the decision level. The proposed algorithm fuses three pre-trained deep-learning models at the decision level by assigning a weight to each class based on their performance of the model to classify the HE-stained breast histopathology images into multi-class HER2 statuses as HER2-0+, HER2-1+, HER2-2+, and HER2-3+. The class-wise weight allocation to the base classifiers is one of the key features of the proposed algorithm. The presented framework surpasses all the existing methods currently employed on the Breast Cancer Immunohistochemistry (BCI) dataset, establishing itself as a dependable approach for detecting HER2 status from HE-stained images. This study highlights the robustness of the proposed algorithm as well as the sufficient information encapsulated within HE-stained images for the effective detection of the HER2 protein present in breast cancer. Therefore, the proposed method possesses the potential to sideline the need for IHC laboratory tests, which hoard time and money. © 2013 IEEE.Item Machine Learning Framework for Classification of COVID-19 Variants Using K-mer Based DNA Sequencing(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Kumar, S.; Raju, S.; Bhowmik, B.Accurate classification of viral DNA sequences is essential for tracking mutations, understanding viral evolution, and enabling timely public health responses. Traditional alignment-based methods are often computationally intensive and less effective for highly mutating viruses. This article presents a machine learning framework for classifying DNA sequences of COVID-19 variants using K-mer-based tokenization and vectorization techniques inspired by Natural Language Processing (NLP). DNA sequences corresponding to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron variants are obtained from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database and encoded into feature vectors. Multiple classifiers, including Extra Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Ridge Classifier, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and XGBoost, are evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The Extra Trees model achieved the highest accuracy of 93.10% (Formula presented.) 0.42, followed by Random Forest with 92.60% (Formula presented.) 0.38, both demonstrating robust and balanced performance. Statistical significance tests confirmed the robustness of the results. The results validate the effectiveness of K-mer-based encoding combined with traditional machine learning models in classifying COVID-19 variants, offering a scalable and efficient solution for genomic surveillance. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.