Faculty Publications
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Item Performance and emission characteristics of double cylinder CI engine operated with cardanol bio fuel blends(2012) Mallikappa, D.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.S.N.India imports more than seventy percent of the oil it uses and is looking for alternative fuel to reduce its dependence on imports. In India, bio fuels derived from non-edible oils is considered as a renewable alternative to the fossil diesel. The cost of the biodiesel is higher than diesel and hence in this work, cardanol was used as an alternative renewable fuel for the diesel engine. The engine tests were conducted on a double cylinder, direct injection, compression ignition engine. From the engine tests, it is observed that the brake power increases (by 70% approximately) as load increases. Brake specific energy conversion decreases (by 25-30% approximately) with increase in brake power. Brake thermal efficiency increases with higher brake power and emission levels (HC, CO, NOX) were nominal up to 20% blends. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission of single cylinder stationary CI engine fueled with cardanol diesel blends(Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Mohanan, P.We investigated the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct-injection stationary diesel engine fueled with non- edible alternative fuel, namely, cardanol - diesel - methanol blend (B20M10). The results were compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The bio-fuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% Methanol, and 70% diesel) was used as fuel and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated by oxygen enriching of intake air with 3, 5, and 7 percentage by weight. With the increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO, HC, and smoke were found to be decreased. But BTE and NOx emission were considerably increased. The blended fuel B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air was compared with diesel operation. The results show a 0.5% lesser BTE, 28% more NOx emission at full load condition. There is not much variation of smoke emission to be noticed for this fuel combination compared to diesel. © 2014 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item A study of the effect of injection pressure on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of cardanol biofuel blend fuelled compression ignition engine(John Wiley and Sons Ltd Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The use of biodiesel along with other alternative fuel sources is expected to address the twin problems of pollution and energy security. This study investigates the effect of injection pressure (IP) on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a four-stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with a biofuel, namely cardanol-methanol-diesel blend (B20M10). The results are compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The biofuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% methanol, and 70% diesel) is used as fuel, and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics are investigated at IP levels of 180, 200, and 220 bar. The test results show that the optimum fuel IP is 220 bar with B20M10. At this optimized pressure, a reduction in CO, HC, and smoke emissions with an increase in the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are noticed compared with 180 and 200 bar B20M10 operations. When compared with diesel (180 bar IP), B20M10 blend at 220 bar IP gives marginally lower BTE and lower CO and HC emissions, but oxides of nitrogen and smoke are slightly more. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.Item Combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biofuel blends(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The present study investigates the combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a cardanol biofuel blend, namely B20M10 (20% cardanol, 70% diesel and 10% methanol by volume). The tests are conducted on a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine at different loading conditions. Intake air is enriched by 7% of the atmospheric oxygen concentration and exhaust gas is recirculated by 10, 15 and 20% of the total intake charge. Research results reveal that the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission decreases as the percentage of EGR increases from 0 to 20%. The results shows 11.8% lower NOx B20M10 at 7% oxygen enrichment and 20% EGR when compared to B20M10 without oxygen enrichment and 0% EGR. Higher carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke, and lower brake thermal efficiency are obtained for higher EGR percentages. From the studies it can be stated that B20M10 cardanol biofuel blend with 7% intake air oxygen enrichment and 15% EGR shows better reduction in NOx emissions with minimum penalty of performance and other emission characteristics. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Investigation on the performance of a variable compression ratio engine operated with raw cardanol kerosene blends(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2020) Ravindra, M.; Mangalpady, M.; Vardhan, H.In this study raw cardanol, which is a renewable biofuel, was blended with kerosene and used as a test fuel in a four-stroke variable compression ratio 3.5-kW diesel engine. Volume basis test blends of cardanol and kerosene, such as BK20 (20% kerosene and 80% cardanol), BK30 (30% kerosene and 70% cardanol) and BK40 (40% kerosene and 60% cardanol), were prepared and tested for three different compression ratios (16:1, 17:1 and 18:1) at various load conditions and compared with diesel fuel. It was observed that when the compression ratio increased from 16:1 to 18:1, the brake thermal efficiency increased from 23.87 to 27.30% for BK20, 26.83 to 29.87% for BK30, and 24.28 to 28.62% for BK40, with reduction in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emission. But NOx emission was increased by 18.7, 1.8 and 7.3%, respectively, for BK20, BK30 and BK40 blends at the highest compression ratio relative to diesel. This study demonstrates that cardanol–kerosene blends can be used as diesel engine fuel at higher compression ratios. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.