Faculty Publications

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Publications by NITK Faculty

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Brake thermal efficiency

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    Experimental investigation of esters of mahua oil as an alternative fuel for dual fuel engine
    (2008) Reddy, P.B.; Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.
    In the present work, an attempt was made to use methyl ester of mahua oil (MEMO) as substitute for dieselin dual fuel engine. A four stroke single cylinder engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode. From the test results, it was observed that the MEMO could be used as pilot fuel in dual fuel engine. At lower loads, diesel gave higher brake thermal efficiency. But at higher loads, biodiesel resulted in brake thermal efficiency comparable with diesel and lower smoke and oxides of nitrogen emissions. From the test results, it was concluded that MEMO could be used as a substitute for diesel in dual fuel engine.
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    Experimental analysis of SI engine performance and emission characteristics with gasoline-denatured spirit blends as alternative fuels
    (2010) Hubballi, P.A.; Ashok Babu, T.P.
    The experimental study focused on investigating benefits of unleaded gasoline (P100) - denatured spirit [DNS (ethanol 93.3% v/v + water 6.7% v/v)] blends as fuel in a four cylinder four stroke SI engine. Performance tests were conducted to study volumetric efficiency (VolE), brake thermal efficiency (BThE), brake power (BP), engine torque (torque), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Engine exhaust emissions were investigated for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Experiments were conducted at different engine speeds between 2500 - 4500 rpm maintaining throttle position of 50% throughout the experiments. The fuel blends used include DNS30P70 (ethanol 28 % + water 2% + gasoline 70 %), DNS50P50 (ethanol 46.65 % + water 3.35 % + gasoline 50 %) and DNS85P15 (ethanol 79.3 % + water 5.7 % + gasoline 15 %) which were compared with base fuel P100. The investigations revealed that blending DNS with P100 increases BThE, VolE, BP, torque and BSFC. The CO, HC, NOx and CO2 emissions in the exhaust decrease when compared to P100 operation. The DNS85P15 blend produced encouraging results in improved engine performance and decreased engine exhaust emission.
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    Performance and emission characteristics of double cylinder CI engine operated with cardanol bio fuel blends
    (2012) Mallikappa, D.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.S.N.
    India imports more than seventy percent of the oil it uses and is looking for alternative fuel to reduce its dependence on imports. In India, bio fuels derived from non-edible oils is considered as a renewable alternative to the fossil diesel. The cost of the biodiesel is higher than diesel and hence in this work, cardanol was used as an alternative renewable fuel for the diesel engine. The engine tests were conducted on a double cylinder, direct injection, compression ignition engine. From the engine tests, it is observed that the brake power increases (by 70% approximately) as load increases. Brake specific energy conversion decreases (by 25-30% approximately) with increase in brake power. Brake thermal efficiency increases with higher brake power and emission levels (HC, CO, NOX) were nominal up to 20% blends. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends
    (Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.
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    Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends
    (Regional Energy Resources Information Center (RERIC) enreric@ait.ac.th, 2015) Bedar, P.; Pandey, J.K.; Kumar, G.N.
    This article deals with the usage of non-edible Simarouba glauca (paradise) oil as a biodiesel for single cylinder diesel engine with application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Biodiesel blends B10, B20 with EGR rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% are used for different load conditions. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke opacity were evaluated from the experimental study. The results show that Simarouba glauca biodiesel usage decreases HC, CO and smoke emissions with slight increase of NOx, also an improvement in the performance was observed for B10 blend. EGR rates 10% and 15% are beneficiated in terms of performance and emission but negative trend is observed for 20% EGR rate. On the whole it is concluded that a better trade-off between NOx and other emissions is attained with simultaneous application of EGR (15%) and biodiesel blend (B10) without compromising engine performance.
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    An experimental investigation on performance and emission parameters of a multi-cylinder SI engine with gasoline–LPG dual fuel mode of operation
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    The present study deals with the performance and emission characteristics of a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) spark ignition (SI) engine in gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual fuel mode of operation. The LPG–gasoline ratio varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at various speed and load conditions. Experiments show that the power output decreases with increase in speed and LPG content at lower load marginally due to lower volumetric efficiency. At higher load and lower speed conditions as the percentage of LPG increases there is not much difference in the power output. Results also reveal that 50% LPG flow gives maximum efficiency at full load condition and 4000 rpm due to lower fuel consumption. With 50% usage of LPG, the average increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is 2% till the engine speed of 4000 rpm at full load (100%) and half load (50%) conditions. As the LPG ratio increases the engine will work in the lean region for all speed and load conditions. For all load and speed conditions, results reveal that 100% LPG will give minimum hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emissions are higher for 100% LPG. However 50% LPG flow gives good agreement of NOX, HC and CO emissions when compared with gasoline operation. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biofuel blends
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    The present study investigates the combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a cardanol biofuel blend, namely B20M10 (20% cardanol, 70% diesel and 10% methanol by volume). The tests are conducted on a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine at different loading conditions. Intake air is enriched by 7% of the atmospheric oxygen concentration and exhaust gas is recirculated by 10, 15 and 20% of the total intake charge. Research results reveal that the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission decreases as the percentage of EGR increases from 0 to 20%. The results shows 11.8% lower NOx B20M10 at 7% oxygen enrichment and 20% EGR when compared to B20M10 without oxygen enrichment and 0% EGR. Higher carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke, and lower brake thermal efficiency are obtained for higher EGR percentages. From the studies it can be stated that B20M10 cardanol biofuel blend with 7% intake air oxygen enrichment and 15% EGR shows better reduction in NOx emissions with minimum penalty of performance and other emission characteristics. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends
    (American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.
    The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.
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    An investigation on CRDi engine characteristic using renewable orange-peel oil
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Bragadeshwaran, B.; Kasianantham, K.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.; Babu, J.M.; Tiwari, A.; Sharma, A.
    Aiming towards discovering a solution for the imminent fossil fuel crisis, the research contributes towards the utilisation of orange peel oil as a potential alternative to mineral diesel while strictly adhering to the emission norms. The study reveals the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics obtained upon operating a 20% by volume of OPO blended with diesel, in a compression ignition engine, integrated with a common rail direct injection (CRDi) system. The fuel injection pressures were varied as 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar. Furthermore, two stage injection strategies were employed while varying the pilot charge quantity as 10%, 20% and 30%. Subsequently, 10% EGR was employed for the test with 30% pilot injection quantity upon realising that the respective NOx emissions were the highest for the same. All the results were compared with the test results while utilising diesel at 600 bar injection pressure. For OPO20 the brake thermal efficiency at full load was observed to be 31.37% higher and the brake specific fuel consumption 5.53% lower than that for diesel. In-cylinder pressure values recorded were almost similar to diesel corresponding to brake power. Heat release rate was significantly higher in case of orange peel oil. Additionally, it was found that smoke, unburned hydrocarbons content and carbon monoxide emission decreased by 16.30%, 27.63% and 42.28% respectively in the engine exhaust. Oxides of nitrogen were recorded to be 15.46% higher than that of diesel. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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    Impact of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI mini truck engine under the influence of EGR
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.
    Biofuels are the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. In the present renewable energy world, alcohols are gaining prime importance due to their nature of production and fuel properties. The present work aims to investigate the impact of 1-Hexanol and exhaust gas recirculation (10% and 20%) on engine characteristics of the common rail direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiment is carried out on a bench engine. The fraction of 1-Hexanol is varied from 10% to 40% in a step of 10% by volume. The results demonstrate that the use of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends lowers the cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature, which is 4.25% and 1.88% lower at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol compared to neat diesel fuel operation. The combustion duration is increased by 2.66?CA for 40% 1-Hexanol at 60% load compared to neat diesel fuel. However, an improvement in net heat release rate is noted which is 13.95% higher at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol, this increment is due to prolonged ignition delay. With the use of 1-Hexanol in the engine, there is a drastic reduction in nitrogen oxide emission is observed, this is the greatest impact of 1-Hexanol. However, a slight increment in the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission is also noted due to poor fuel properties like lower cetane number, higher viscosity and higher latent heat of evaporation of 1-Hexanol. Compared to all other blends in the test 10% 1-Hexanol shows comparable results with pure diesel fuel, which is only 2.37% lower in brake thermal efficiency, 3.6% higher in brake specific fuel consumption, 17.55% lower in nitrogen oxide emission, 18.18% higher in hydrocarbon and 33.33% higher in carbon monoxide emission is noted. The exhaust gas recirculation helps in reducing the NOx emission, 40% 1-Hexanol is less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation. Up to 40% of 1-Hexanol can be used in the CI engine without any modification. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol is a sustainable renewable biofuel due to the reason that even though the use of 1-Hexanol lowers the performance which helps in reducing the NOx emission greatly; the performance can be improved by modifying the engine parameters. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd