Faculty Publications
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Item Hydrochloric acid-catalyzed coproduction of furfural and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural assisted by a phase transfer catalyst(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Bhat, N.S.; Vinod, N.; Onkarappa, S.B.; Dutta, S.Furfural has been produced in 53% isolated yield from D-xylose within an aqueous HCl-1,2-dichloroethane biphasic reaction mixture using benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as a phase transfer catalyst. The use of BTBAC noticeably improved the yield of furfural compared to that in the control reaction. The reaction was optimized on the reaction temperature, duration, concentration of HCl, and the loading of BTBAC. Furfural and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) have also been coproduced from a mixture of pentose and hexose sugars. Under optimized conditions (100 °C, 3 h, 20.2% HCl, 10 wt% BTBAC), CMF and furfural were isolated in 17% and 53% yield, respectively, from a mixture of glucose and xylose. In addition, levulinic acid was isolated from the aqueous layer in 31% yield. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Production of 5-(formyloxymethyl)furfural from biomass-derived sugars using mixed acid catalysts and upgrading into value-added chemicals(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Dutta, S.In this work, 5-(formyloxymethyl)furfural (FMF) has been produced from biomass-derived hexose sugars within a biphasic reaction mixture consisting of aqueous formic acid (85%), a strong Brønsted acid catalyst, and 1,2-dichloroethane as an organic extractant. Using a combination of aqueous hydrobromic acid and formic acid, under optimized condition (80 °C, 8 h, 10 wt% substrate loading), 68% isolated yield of FMF was obtained from fructose. FMF has been demonstrated as a renewable chemical building block for the synthesis of renewable chemicals of commercial significance such as 5-methylfurfural, 2,5-diformylfuran, and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid in good to excellent isolated yields. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem One-pot production of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural and levulinic acid from marine carbohydrates(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) C, P.N.; Yadav, A.K.; Aranha, D.A.; Dutta, S.5-(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) and levulinic acid (LA) were produced from marine biomass-derived carrageenan (? and ?) and chitin. CMF was produced in HCl (aq., 35%)-1,2-dichloroethane biphasic reaction within a batch-type glass pressure reactor, whereas LA was produced in the same setup using aqueous HCl (20%) only. The reactions were optimized on temperature, duration, stirring speed, volume of solvent, and feedstock loading. The isolated yield of CMF reached 37.8% starting from ?-carrageenan (80 °C, 2 h), whereas chitin afforded a 21.8% yield of CMF (100 °C, 4 h). LA was obtained in a 52.3% yield from ?-carrageenan (120 °C, 4 h) and 36% from chitin (150 °C, 4 h). The mixture of CMF and LA was then converted into HMF-levulinate, a prospective fuel oxygenate, in a one-pot process, affording a 77.8% isolated yield. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.